In the realm of outdoor living, a well-crafted deck serves as an idyllic sanctuary for relaxation and entertainment. However, the true foundation of any deck lies in its sturdy framework, and the stringers play a crucial role in this structural masterpiece. Whether you’re embarking on a DIY deck-building endeavor or seeking professional guidance, understanding the art of attaching stringers to your deck is paramount. This intricate process requires precision and a keen eye for detail, ensuring that your deck withstands the test of time and the elements.
Before embarking on the task of stringer attachment, it’s imperative to select the appropriate materials and gather the necessary tools. Pressure-treated lumber is the industry standard for deck stringers, offering exceptional resistance to rot and decay. Once you’ve secured your materials, it’s time to prepare the joists. Using a circular saw, carefully cut the joists to the desired length, ensuring they fit snugly between the beams. The next step involves notching the joists to accommodate the stringers, allowing for a secure and stable connection. The depth of the notch should be approximately one-fourth of the joist’s thickness.
With the joists prepared, it’s time to attach the stringers. Utilizing galvanized lag screws or bolts, securely fasten the stringers to the joists, ensuring the notches align precisely. It’s crucial to predrill pilot holes to prevent splitting the wood. Once the stringers are firmly attached, you can proceed with installing the decking boards, completing the structural integrity of your outdoor oasis. By meticulously following these steps and adhering to proper building techniques, you can confidently construct a deck that exudes both aesthetic appeal and enduring resilience.
Measuring and Marking for Stringer Placement
The accuracy of stringer placement is crucial for ensuring the structural integrity and longevity of your deck. Here’s a detailed guide to help you measure and mark the locations of stringers:
1. Determine Stringer Spacing
The spacing between stringers is determined by the length of the deck joists. Typically, joists are 16 inches on center, which means stringers should be placed 16 inches apart as well. However, some building codes may require closer spacing for larger or heavier decks.
Refer to the table below for recommended stringer spacing based on joist length:
| Joist Length | Stringer Spacing |
|---|---|
| Up to 12 feet | 16 inches on center |
| 12 to 16 feet | 12 inches on center |
| Over 16 feet | Consult with a structural engineer |
2. Mark Stringer Lines on the Ledger Board
Using a level and a pencil, draw a horizontal line along the top edge of the ledger board. This line will indicate the top of the stringers. Measure and mark the stringer spacing along this line, starting from one end of the ledger board.
3. Transfer Marks to the Posts
Locate the posts that will support the stringers. Transfer the marks from the ledger board to the tops of the posts. Use a chalk line or a laser level to create vertical lines connecting the marks on the ledger board and the posts.
4. Verify Placement
Remeasure and check the stringer spacing to ensure accuracy. If there are any discrepancies, correct them before proceeding with stringer installation.
Cutting the Stringers to Length
To determine the length of the stringers, measure the distance between the inside faces of the beams at each end of the deck. Add 6 inches to this measurement to allow for overhang at each end. For example, if the distance between the beams is 12 feet, the stringers should be cut to a length of 13 feet.
Once you have measured and marked the length of the stringers, use a circular saw to cut them to size. Make sure to use a sharp blade and cut slowly and carefully to ensure a clean, straight cut.
Tips for Cutting Stringers to Length
- Use a measuring tape or string line to mark the length of the stringers accurately.
- Clamp the stringers securely to your work surface before cutting to prevent them from moving.
- Use a straight edge or guide to ensure that the cut is straight and square.
- Wear safety glasses and ear protection when operating the circular saw.
Once the stringers are cut to length, you can proceed to attaching them to the deck beams.
Installing the Rim Joists and Posts
The rim joists are the outer beams that run parallel to the house and support the outer edges of the deck. The posts are vertical supports that are placed at regular intervals along the rim joists. Both the rim joists and posts are typically made of pressure-treated lumber to resist rot and decay.
To install the rim joists, first lay out the joists on the ground parallel to the house. The joists should be spaced about 16 inches on center. Once the joists are in place, use a level to make sure that they are level and straight. Then, attach the joists to the house with joist hangers or Simpson Strong-Tie hangers.
The rim joists are installed next. To do this, first mark the location of the posts on the ground. The posts should be spaced about 6 feet apart. Then, dig holes for the posts that are about 2 feet deep and 1 foot wide. Place the posts in the holes and backfill the holes with concrete. Once the concrete has set, attach the rim joists to the posts with joist hangers or Simpson Strong-Tie hangers.
Installing Stringer Joists
The stringer joists are the beams that run perpendicular to the rim joists and support the deck boards. The stringer joists are typically made of pressure-treated lumber or composite materials. To install the stringer joists, first lay out the joists on the ground perpendicular to the rim joists. The joists should be spaced about 16 inches on center. Once the joists are in place, use a level to make sure that they are level and straight. Then, attach the joists to the rim joists with joist hangers or Simpson Strong-Tie hangers.
Once the stringer joists are installed, you can begin installing the deck boards. The deck boards are typically made of pressure-treated lumber, composite materials, or PVC. To install the deck boards, simply nail or screw the boards to the stringer joists. The boards should be spaced about 1/8 inch apart to allow for expansion and contraction.
| 1. | Lay out the rim joists on the ground parallel to the house. | |
| 2. | Level and straighten the joists. | |
| 3. | Attach the joists to the house with joist hangers or Simpson Strong-Tie hangers. | |
| 4. | Mark the location of the posts on the ground. | |
| 5. | Dig holes for the posts that are about 2 feet deep and 1 foot wide. | |
| 6. | Place the posts in the holes and backfill the holes with concrete. | |
| 7. | Attach the rim joists to the posts with joist hangers or Simpson Strong-Tie hangers. |
Attaching the Stringers to the Rim Joists
4. Secure the Stringers with Joist Hangers and Structural Screws
To provide superior support for the stringers, use heavy-duty joist hangers that are specifically designed for deck construction. These hangers will distribute the load of the deck evenly across the rim joists, minimizing stress and preventing premature failure.
Step 1: Determine the Proper Joist Hanger Size
Select joist hangers that are appropriately sized for the dimensions of the stringers. The hanger should extend at least 2 inches beyond the width of the stringer on both sides. If the joist hanger is too small, it may not provide adequate support, compromising the stability of the deck.
Step 2: Position the Joist Hangers
Place the joist hangers flush against the inside edge of the rim joist, aligning them perpendicular to the stringer’s alignment marks. Ensure that the bottom of the hanger is level with the top of the rim joist. Use a level to verify the placement and make any necessary adjustments.
Step 3: Secure the Joist Hangers
Drive structural screws specified for outdoor use through the pre-drilled holes in the joist hangers and into the rim joist. Ensure that the screws are long enough to penetrate at least 2 inches into the rim joist for maximum strength. Use a cordless drill or impact driver to efficiently fasten the screws.
Step 4: Install the Stringers into the Joist Hangers
Carefully lift the stringer into the joist hangers and position it against the inside edge of the rim joist. Ensure that the stringer is properly aligned with the corresponding joist hanger on the opposite side.
Step 5: Drive Structural Screws through the Joist Hangers
Drive structural screws through the remaining holes in the joist hangers and into the stringers. Space the screws evenly along the hanger to distribute the load uniformly. Tighten the screws securely, but avoid overtightening to prevent the stringer from warping or cracking.
Leveling and Aligning the Stringers
Once the beams are in place, it’s time to attach the stringers. Stringers are the long, parallel beams that run perpendicular to the beams and support the deck boards.
1. Layout the Stringers
Lay out the stringers on the beams, spacing them evenly apart. The spacing will depend on the thickness and span of the deck boards you’re using. For example, 2×6 deck boards typically require 16-inch on-center spacing for spans up to 10 feet.
2. Level the Stringers
Use a level to make sure the stringers are level in both directions. You can do this by placing the level on top of the stringer and checking it both parallel and perpendicular to the beam.
3. Align the Stringers
Once the stringers are level, you need to align them so that they’re parallel to each other. To do this, you can use a chalk line or a string stretched tightly between the two end beams.
4. Mark the Beam Locations
Once the stringers are level and aligned, mark the location of the beams on the stringers. This will help you to attach the stringers to the beams in the correct location.
5. Attach the Stringers to the Beams
The process for attaching the stringers to the beams will vary depending on the type of beam and the type of stringers you’re using. However, here are some general steps that apply to most situations:
- Use a drill to make pilot holes through the stringers, at the locations you marked in step 4.
- Insert bolts, washers, and nuts into the pilot holes and tighten them securely.
- Check the stringers again to make sure they’re level and aligned before you fully tighten the nuts.
Nailing or Screwing the Stringers
Using galvanized nails or deck screws is the most common method for securing stringers to joists. Screws offer more holding power, so they are recommended for decks that will receive heavy use. If you choose to nail the stringers, use 10d or 12d galvanized nails. If you choose to screw the stringers, use 2-1/2-inch or 3-inch deck screws.
Nailing the Stringers
To nail the stringers, place one end of the stringer on the joist and drive two nails through the stringer into the joist. Repeat at the other end of the stringer. Once the stringer is secure, use a level to check if it is level. If it is not level, adjust the nails as needed.
Screwing the Stringers
To screw the stringers, place one end of the stringer on the joist and drive two screws through the stringer into the joist. Repeat at the other end of the stringer. Once the stringer is secure, use a level to check if it is level. If it is not level, adjust the screws as needed.
| Method | Tool | Pros | Cons |
| ————- | ————- | ————- | ————- |
| Nailing | Hammer | Low cost | Lower holding power |
| Screwing | Screw gun | High holding power | Higher cost |
Using Joist Hangers for Reinforcement
Step 1: Determine Stringer Placement
Measure and mark the location of the stringers on the rim joist. Ensure they are equally spaced to provide adequate support.
Step 2: Install Joist Hangers
Attach joist hangers to the rim joist using appropriate bolts. Position the hangers flush with the bottom edge of the rim joist.
Step 3: Adjust Stringers for Level
Place the stringers in the joist hangers and adjust them until level using a spirit level or laser level. Secure the stringers temporarily with clamps or screws.
Step 4: Secure Stringers with Bolts
Insert bolts through the pre-drilled holes in the joist hangers and into the stringers. Tighten the bolts securely using a wrench or impact driver.
Step 5: Remove Temporary Supports
Once all the stringers are securely attached, remove any temporary supports or clamps used during the leveling process.
Step 6: Attach Decking Boards
Secure the decking boards to the stringers using nails or screws. Start at one end of the deck and work your way towards the other end, ensuring the boards are evenly spaced.
Step 7: Inspect and Reinforce
- After the decking is installed, inspect the stringers and joist hangers for any signs of weakness or damage.
- Consider adding additional joist hangers or other reinforcement if necessary to ensure the stability and longevity of the deck.
- Regularly inspect the deck and make repairs or reinforcements as needed.
Installing Ledger Boards for Additional Support
Ledger boards are horizontal support beams that run along the outside of a deck to provide additional support for the stringers. They are typically made of pressure-treated lumber and are installed on the sides of your house or on posts that are buried in the ground. Ledger boards help to distribute the weight of the deck and prevent it from sagging or collapsing.
Materials You’ll Need
| Material | Quantity |
|---|---|
| Pressure-treated lumber (2×6 or 2×8) | Enough to span the length of the deck along the side of the house |
| Lag screws (1/2-inch or 5/8-inch) | 4-6 per ledger board |
| Washers | 1 per lag screw |
| Level | 1 |
Instructions
1. Measure and mark the location of the ledger boards on the side of your house. They should be spaced evenly apart, no more than 6 feet on center.
2. Cut the ledger boards to length.
3. Hold a ledger board in place against the side of your house and level it.
4. Insert lag screws through the ledger board into the house framing. Use washers under the heads of the lag screws to prevent the wood from splitting.
5. Tighten the lag screws until the ledger board is securely attached.
6. Repeat steps 3-5 for each ledger board.
7. Once all of the ledger boards are installed, check the level again to make sure they are all level.
8. **Installing Stringers on Ledger Boards**
a. Determine the location and spacing of the stringers based on the size of your deck and the span between supports.
b. Cut the stringers to length and notch them as needed to fit securely against the ledger boards.
c. Hold a stringer in place against the ledger board and level it.
d. Secure the stringer to the ledger board using lag screws or joist hangers.
e. Repeat steps c-d for all of the stringers.
Connecting the Stringers to the House
1. Measure and Mark the Stringers
Position the stringer against the house and mark where it will connect to the ledger board and joists.
2. Cut Notches into the Stringers
Use a circular saw or reciprocating saw to cut notches into the stringers for the joists.
3. Attach the Stringers to the Ledger Board
Align the stringers with the marks on the ledger board and secure them with galvanized bolts or lag screws.
4. Install Gussets
Install gussets at the connection points between the stringers and ledger board for added support.
5. Level the Stringers
Use a level to ensure that the stringers are level and parallel to each other.
6. Mark and Cut the Trim Boards
Measure and cut the trim boards to cover the exposed ends of the stringers.
7. Attach the Trim Boards
Secure the trim boards to the stringers with galvanized nails or screws.
8. Seal the Joints
Apply exterior-grade sealant to all joints to prevent water damage.
9. Details for Notching Stringers
| Stringer Thickness | Joist Width | Notch Depth |
|---|---|---|
| 2×8 | 2×6 | 1 1/2″ |
| 2×10 | 2×8 | 2″ |
| 2×12 | 2×10 | 2 1/2″ |
Framing the Deck Perimeter
The deck perimeter is the foundation of your deck, and it’s important to get it right. Here’s how to do it:
1. Determine the Deck Size
The first step is to determine the size of your deck. This will help you determine the amount of materials you need and the size of the joists you will be using.
2. Mark the Perimeter
Once you know the size of your deck, you need to mark the perimeter. This can be done using stakes and string, or by using a chalk line.
3. Dig the Footings
The next step is to dig the footings for the deck posts. The footings should be at least 24 inches deep and 12 inches wide. The number of footings you will need will depend on the size of your deck.
4. Set the Posts
Once the footings are dug, you can set the deck posts. The posts should be spaced no more than 6 feet apart. The posts should be set in concrete and allowed to cure for at least 24 hours before continuing.
5. Attach the Joists
Once the posts are set, you can attach the joists. The joists should be spaced no more than 16 inches apart. The joists can be attached to the posts using joist hangers or by using nails and screws.
6. Install the Decking Boards
Once the joists are attached, you can install the decking boards. The decking boards should be spaced no more than 1/4 inch apart. The decking boards can be attached to the joists using nails or screws.
7. Finish the Perimeter
Once the decking boards are installed, you can finish the perimeter of the deck. This can be done by installing a fascia board or by adding a skirt board. The fascia board will hide the ends of the joists and the decking boards. The skirt board will help to protect the deck from the elements.
8. Install the Railings
The final step is to install the railings. The railings will help to keep people safe when they are using the deck. The railings can be made from a variety of materials, such as wood, metal, or vinyl.
9. Staining or Painting
Once the deck is complete, you can stain or paint it. This will help to protect the deck from the elements and give it a finished look.
10. Enjoy Your Deck
Once the deck is complete, you can enjoy it with your family and friends. The deck will be a great place to relax, entertain, and enjoy the outdoors.
| Deck Size | Number of Posts | Spacing Between Posts |
|---|---|---|
| 10′ x 10′ | 4 | 6′ |
| 12′ x 12′ | 6 | 6′ |
| 14′ x 14′ | 8 | 6′ |
How To Attach Stringers To Deck
Attaching stringers to a deck is a crucial step in building a sturdy and safe deck. Stringers provide support for the deck boards and distribute the weight of the deck and its occupants. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to attach stringers to a deck:
Materials you’ll need:
- Stringers (pressure-treated lumber recommended)
- Carriage bolts (1/2 inch diameter, 4 inches long)
- Washers
- Drill
- Socket wrench
- Level
Steps:
Step 1: Determine the spacing and layout of the stringers.
The spacing between stringers will depend on the size and span of the deck. The general rule is to space stringers 16 inches on center. Mark the layout of the stringers on the deck frame.
Step 2: Install joist hangers.
Install joist hangers onto the deck frame where the stringers will be attached. The joist hangers will provide additional support and help prevent the stringers from twisting or bending.
Step 3: Place the stringers.
Place the stringers on the joist hangers and level them. Ensure that the stringers are flush with the top of the deck frame.
Step 4: Drill pilot holes.
Drill pilot holes through the stringers and into the joist hangers. The pilot holes should be slightly smaller than the diameter of the carriage bolts.
Step 5: Bolt the stringers.
Insert a washer onto each carriage bolt and insert the bolts through the pilot holes. Tighten the bolts using a socket wrench until the stringers are securely fastened to the joist hangers.
People Also Ask
Can I use lag screws instead of carriage bolts?
Yes, you can use lag screws as an alternative to carriage bolts to attach stringers to a deck. Lag screws are designed for heavy-duty applications and provide excellent holding power. However, carriage bolts are more commonly used for deck construction due to their wider heads, which distribute the load more evenly.
What type of lumber is best for stringers?
Pressure-treated lumber is the best choice for stringers because it is resistant to rot and decay. Yellow pine, Douglas fir, and redwood are all commonly used pressure-treated lumber species.
How deep should I bury the stringers in the ground?
The depth to which you bury the stringers in the ground will depend on the soil conditions and the size of the deck. As a general rule, you should bury the stringers at least 12 inches below the ground level.
