Water heaters are essential appliances in any household, providing us with the comfort of hot showers, clean dishes, and warm laundry. However, when the water heater malfunctions, it can cause significant inconvenience and discomfort. One of the common issues with water heaters is a faulty heating element, which can lead to lukewarm or cold water. Checking the heating element is crucial for diagnosing and resolving this problem. In this article, we will provide a step-by-step guide on how to check a hot water heater element, empowering you to troubleshoot this issue and restore your hot water supply promptly.
Before embarking on the task of checking the hot water heater element, it’s imperative to take necessary safety precautions. Ensure the power supply to the water heater is disconnected at the circuit breaker panel. Additionally, allow the water heater to cool down completely before proceeding to avoid any potential burns. Once safety measures are in place, you can begin the inspection process. The heating element is typically located at the bottom of the water heater tank, submerged in water. To access it, you will need to remove the lower access panel or drain the water from the tank.
Once the heating element is exposed, you can proceed with testing its functionality. The most common method involves using a multimeter to measure the resistance across the heating element terminals. If the multimeter reading is within the manufacturer-specified range, the heating element is likely functioning correctly. However, if the resistance is significantly different or if the multimeter indicates an open circuit, it’s an indication that the heating element has failed and needs to be replaced. Additionally, you can visually inspect the heating element for any signs of damage, such as cracks or corrosion. If any abnormalities are observed, replacement is necessary.
Safety Precautions Before Inspection
Before inspecting your hot water heater element, taking certain safety precautions is crucial to ensure your well-being and prevent potential hazards. Follow these essential steps to minimize risks and ensure a safe inspection process:
1. Turn Off Power and Water Supply
The most critical safety measure is to disconnect the power supply to the hot water heater. Locate the circuit breaker or fuse that controls the heater and turn it off. Additionally, shut off the cold water supply valve to the heater to prevent water from flowing out during inspection.
| Safety Measure | Importance |
|---|---|
| Disconnect Power Supply | Prevents electrical shock and short circuits |
| Close Water Supply Valve | Prevents flooding and water damage |
2. Allow Time for Cooling
Before attempting to inspect the heating element, let the hot water heater cool down sufficiently. This prevents burns or scalding from hot water or steam that may be present inside the tank.
3. Wear Protective Gear
Wear appropriate safety gear, such as gloves and safety glasses, to protect yourself from sharp edges or potential splashes of water during the inspection process.
Identifying the Water Heater Element
Locating the Water Heater Element
To inspect the water heater element, you need to locate it first. In most cases, the element is situated at the bottom of the water tank, either directly submerged in the water or housed within a tubular heating chamber. To locate the element, follow these steps:
- Identify the type of water heater: There are two main types of water heaters: tankless and tank-type. Tankless water heaters do not have a heating element, so this article is only applicable to tank-type water heaters.
- Lift the access panel: Most water heaters have a removable access panel on the front or side of the unit. Carefully lift the panel and set it aside.
- Locate the heating element: Once the access panel is removed, you will see the interior of the water heater tank. The heating element will typically be located at the bottom of the tank, either directly exposed or encased in a metal tube.
Inspecting the Water Heater Element
Once you have identified the heating element, inspect it for signs of damage:
Visual Inspection:
- Check for physical deformities: The heating element should be straight and even, without any significant bends or dents.
- Examine the surface: Look for any corrosion, rust, or burned areas on the heating element’s surface.
- Inspect the terminals: The heating element terminals are the electrical connections located on either end of the element. Check for any loose or damaged terminals.
Testing with a Multimeter:
- Gather tools: You will need a multimeter, which is a device used to measure electrical resistance.
- Set the multimeter: Select the resistance measurement mode on the multimeter.
- Disconnect the power: Turn off the power to the water heater and disconnect the electrical wires from the heating element.
- Test the element: Touch the multimeter probes to the element terminals. A reading of "0 ohms" indicates continuity, while a reading of "OL" (over limit) indicates an open circuit.
- Check for ground faults: Touch one probe to a hot terminal and the other probe to the water heater tank. If the multimeter reads "0 ohms," there is a ground fault.
Disconnecting Power and Water Supply
Before examining the hot water heater element, it’s crucial to ensure safety by disconnecting both power and water supply.
1. Disconnecting Power
Locate the circuit breaker or fuse box that supplies electricity to the water heater. Turn off the breaker or remove the fuse to cut off power.
2. Turning Off Water Supply
Identify the cold water supply line leading to the water heater. Locate the shut-off valve on this line and turn it clockwise to close it.
3. Relieving Water Pressure
a. Locate Drain Valve
Find the drain valve at the bottom of the water heater. It’s usually a small, plastic or metal valve.
b. Connect Hose
Attach a garden hose or a bucket to the drain valve.
c. Open Drain Valve
Slowly open the drain valve by turning it counterclockwise. Allow the water to flow out until it stops or until you have collected enough water to relieve the pressure.
d. Close Drain Valve
Once the pressure is released, close the drain valve securely.
Draining the Water Tank
Step 1: Turn Off the Water Supply and Power
Locate the cold water supply valve and shut it off. Then, switch off the power supply to the water heater either at the circuit breaker or fuse box.
Step 2: Attach a Drain Hose
Connect a garden hose to the drain valve located at the bottom of the tank. Ensure that the other end of the hose is pointing towards a drain or suitable outlet. Open the drain valve carefully to allow the water to drain out slowly.
Step 3: Monitor the Water Temperature
As the water drains, continuously monitor its temperature with a thermometer. This is crucial because it indicates the proximity of the heating element. Once the water temperature drops below 120°F (49°C), it’s safe to assume that the element is exposed.
Step 4: Inspecting and Testing the Heating Element
The heating element is typically a long, cylindrical component located at the bottom of the tank. If it’s visibly corroded, scaled, or damaged, it will need to be replaced.
To test the element, use a multimeter set to the ohms setting. Disconnect the wires from the element and touch the probes of the multimeter to the element terminals. A reading between 10 and 50 ohms indicates a functional element.
Additionally, check the continuity of the element by touching one probe to the element terminal and the other probe to the tank itself. No reading should be displayed, as this would indicate a short circuit.
| Test | Expected Result | Indication |
|---|---|---|
| Visual Inspection | No corrosion, scaling, or damage | Functional element |
| Resistance Test | 10-50 ohms | Functional element |
| Continuity Test | No reading | No short circuit |
Removing the Element Access Panel
**Checking the heating element** of your water heater requires accessing the element access panel. Follow these steps to remove the panel safely:
1. Turn Off the Power and Water
Before starting, disconnect the power supply to the water heater and shut off the cold water supply line connected to the tank.
2. Locate the Access Panel
Find the access panel on the side or front of the water heater. It’s typically covered by a removable plate or door.
3. Disconnect the Wires
Once the access panel is exposed, disconnect the wires attached to the heating element. Label the wires if necessary to ensure proper reconnection later.
4. Remove the Element Access Plate
Using a screwdriver or wrench, remove the screws or bolts holding the element access plate in place. Lift the plate off the water heater carefully.
5. Inspect the Heating Element
Once the element access plate is removed, you can inspect the heating element. Look for any signs of corrosion, scaling, or physical damage. If the heating element is damaged, it will need to be replaced.
| Element Condition | Possible Issue |
|---|---|
| Discolored or rusty | Corrosion |
| Flaking or peeling | Scaling |
| Cracked or broken | Physical damage |
If the element appears to be in good condition, proceed with the electrical continuity test to further diagnose the issue.
Observing the Element for Damage
Step 6: Inspect the Heating Element
Once you’ve removed the access panel, it’s time to examine the heating element. It will typically be located at the bottom of the water heater tank, submerged in water.
Here are some signs of damage to look for:
| Damage | Description |
|---|---|
| Burned or melted | The heating element is often made of metal, and if it’s been damaged, it may be burned or melted. This is a clear indication that it needs to be replaced. |
| Scaling or corrosion | If the water in your area is hard, it can cause scale to build up on the heating element. Corrosion can also occur due to frequent contact with water. These deposits can prevent the element from transferring heat effectively, reducing the efficiency of your water heater. |
| Cracks or breaks | The heating element can crack or break from exposure to thermal stress or mechanical damage. If you notice any cracks or breaks, the element should be replaced. |
If you observe any of these signs of damage, it’s time to replace the heating element. It’s important to use a heating element that is specifically designed for your water heater model, as different models may have different sizes and configurations of heating elements.
Testing the Element with a Multimeter
With the power still turned off and the circuit breaker still in the OFF position, follow these steps:
1. Set the Multimeter to Ohms Setting
Set your multimeter to the ohms setting, typically indicated by the symbol Ω. This setting measures electrical resistance.
2. Connect the Multimeter Leads to the Element Terminals
Disconnect the wires from the element terminals. Touch one lead of the multimeter to one element terminal and the other lead to the other element terminal.
3. Observe the Multimeter Reading
The multimeter should display a resistance value. A reading of 10 to 100 ohms indicates a good element.
4. Check for Continuity to Ground
Keep one lead of the multimeter connected to an element terminal. Touch the other lead to the metal housing of the water heater. The multimeter should read infinity (no continuity), indicating that the element is not grounding out.
5. Reverse the Leads for Accuracy
Repeat steps 4 and 5 with the multimeter leads reversed to ensure accuracy.
6. Test Both Elements (on Dual-Element Heaters)
For water heaters with dual elements, test both elements separately by repeating steps 3-5 for each element.
7. Troubleshooting Resistance Readings
| Resistance Reading | Troubleshooting |
|---|---|
| 0 ohms | Element is shorted. Replace the element. |
| Infinity (no reading) | Element is open. Replace the element. |
| Less than 10 ohms or more than 100 ohms | Element is weak or failing. Consider replacing the element. |
Materials You’ll Need
Before you begin, gather the following materials:
- New water heater element
- Socket wrench or adjustable wrench
- Voltmeter
- Flashlight
- Safety gloves
Safety Precautions
Always follow these safety precautions when working with electrical components:
- Turn off the power to the water heater at the circuit breaker panel.
- Drain the water from the tank.
- Wear safety gloves to protect your hands from hot water and electrical components.
- Use a flashlight to see inside the tank, if necessary.
Checking the Element
1.Remove the cover plate from the water heater access panel.
2.Locate the heating element. It is typically a cylindrical-shaped component located at the bottom of the tank.
3.Disconnect the wires from the element using a socket wrench or adjustable wrench.
4.Use a voltmeter to test the element for continuity. It should read between 10 and 15 ohms.
Installing a New Element
- Wrap a small amount of Teflon tape around the threads of the new element.
- Screw the new element into the tank by hand until it is snug.
- Tighten the element further using a socket wrench or adjustable wrench.
- Reconnect the wires to the element.
- Turn on the power to the water heater at the circuit breaker panel.
- Fill the tank with water and check for leaks.
- Reset the thermostat to the desired temperature.
- Monitor the water heater for proper operation.
Note: If you are not comfortable performing this repair yourself, contact a qualified electrician.
Reassembling the Water Heater
Reassembling the water heater is the final step in the process of checking the hot water heater element. Carefully follow these steps to ensure a proper and safe reassembly.
1. Reconnect the Electrical Wires
Reconnect the electrical wires to the new heating element. Make sure the wires are securely fastened and insulated with electrical tape.
2. Replace the Anode Rod
If you removed the anode rod, insert the new one into the designated port on the water heater tank. Tighten the rod according to the manufacturer’s specifications.
3. Reinstall the Heating Element
Carefully insert the new heating element into the tank’s opening. Ensure it is properly seated and aligned.
4. Tighten the Element Flange
Hand-tighten the element flange onto the tank’s opening. Use a wrench to further tighten the flange, but do not overtighten it.
5. Install the Insulation and Outer Cover
Replace the insulation around the heating element and secure it with wire or a clamp. Reinstall the outer cover over the water heater.
6. Reconnect the Water Supply
Reconnect the cold and hot water lines to the water heater. Ensure all connections are watertight.
7. Turn on the Electricity
Turn on the electricity supply to the water heater. Check the thermostat and adjust it to the desired temperature.
8. Open the Water Faucet
Open a hot water faucet to allow air to escape from the system and for hot water to flow.
9. Proper Sealing and Testing
To ensure a leak-free reassembly, apply a layer of thread sealant to the threads of the anode rod and element flange before tightening them. Additionally, conduct a thorough visual inspection for any water leaks or other issues around the reassembled components.
After reassembling and turning on the water heater, monitor it for proper operation and the absence of any leaks. If any concerns arise, contact a qualified plumber for further assistance.
Restoring Water and Power Supply
Once the faulty element has been replaced, it’s time to restore the water and power supply to your water heater. Here’s a step-by-step guide to ensure a safe and trouble-free process:
1. Turn On the Water Supply
Locate the water shut-off valve near the water heater and turn it clockwise to open it completely. This will allow water to flow into the tank.
2. Bleed Air from the Water Heater
Open the hot water faucet from a nearby sink or bathtub to release any air trapped in the water heater. Air can cause gurgling noises or impede water flow.
3. Restore Power
Go to your electrical panel and locate the circuit breaker or fuse that powers the water heater. Turn it on to restore power to the appliance.
4. Check for Leaks
Inspect the water heater and surrounding area for any leaks. If you notice any water dripping or pooling, turn off the water supply and power to the water heater and contact a qualified plumber.
5. Set the Thermostat
Adjust the thermostat to the desired water temperature. Most residential water heaters are set between 120°F and 140°F.
6. Monitor Temperature
After turning on the power, monitor the water temperature from a nearby faucet. It may take some time for the water to reach the desired temperature.
7. Check for Proper Operation
Once the water is hot, run it through all the hot water outlets in your home to ensure proper flow and temperature.
8. Inspect Expansion Tank
If your water heater has an expansion tank, check its pressure. It should be around 8-12 psi. Adjust the pressure if necessary.
9. Reset the Temperature and Safety Limit Control (TSLC)
Locate the TSLC on the side of the water heater. If the water heater has overheated, the TSLC may have tripped. Reset it by pushing the small red button.
10. Inspect Drain Valve
Open the drain valve at the bottom of the water heater and let a small amount of water flow out. This will clear any sediment or debris that may have accumulated.
How To Check Hot Water Heater Element
A hot water heater element is a crucial component responsible for heating the water in your home. If the element fails, you’ll be left with cold water and an uncomfortable situation. Regularly checking the element can help you identify any issues early on and prevent major problems.
Here are the steps on how to check a hot water heater element:
1.
Turn off the power to the water heater. This can usually be done by flipping the circuit breaker or removing the fuse that supplies power to the unit.
2.
Turn off the water supply to the water heater. This is typically done by closing the cold water inlet valve.
3.
Drain the water from the water heater. Open the hot water tap at the highest point in your house and let the water drain until the tank is empty.
4.
Remove the access panel to the heating element. This is usually located at the bottom of the water heater.
5.
Locate the heating element. It is typically a cylindrical-shaped component with two wires connected to it.
6.
Disconnect the wires from the heating element using a screwdriver.
7.
Remove the heating element by pulling it straight out of the water heater tank.
8.
Check the heating element for any damage. Look for cracks, breaks, or burn marks.
9.
If the heating element is damaged, it will need to be replaced.
10.
Install the new heating element by inserting it into the water heater tank and tightening the wires.
11.
Turn on the water supply to the water heater and open the hot water tap to fill the tank.
12.
Turn on the power to the water heater.
