Maintaining the cleanliness of your AR-15 rifle is crucial for its optimal performance and longevity. Regular cleaning helps to remove fouling, debris, and corrosive elements that can accumulate during firing, preserving the firearm’s accuracy and reliability. Understanding the proper procedures for cleaning an AR-15 ensures that the task is carried out effectively and safely, allowing you to maintain your firearm in pristine condition.
To commence the cleaning process, gather the necessary materials, including a cleaning rod, bore brush, patches, cleaning solvent, and lubricant. Disassemble the rifle into its major components: the upper and lower receivers, bolt carrier group, and barrel. This disassembly allows thorough cleaning of each component to remove any contaminants. Begin by cleaning the barrel using a bore brush and solvent, paying special attention to removing fouling from the bore and chamber. Follow this step by wiping down the bolt carrier group, upper and lower receivers, and any other metal surfaces to eliminate dirt and debris.
The final step involves lubrication of the firearm’s moving parts, such as the bolt, bolt carrier, and trigger assembly. Use a high-quality gun lubricant specifically designed for firearms to prevent wear and ensure smooth operation. Reassemble the rifle, ensuring that all components are correctly positioned and secured. By following these simple steps regularly, you can effectively clean your AR-15 rifle, maintaining its performance and ensuring its readiness for reliable use.
Proper Cleaning Equipment and Supplies
Maintaining your AR-15 is essential for its reliability and accuracy. The proper cleaning tools and supplies will ensure that your weapon is thoroughly cleaned and properly lubricated.
Cleaning Rod and Patches
A cleaning rod is a long, thin rod used to push a cleaning patch through the bore of the AR-15. The patch picks up dirt, debris, and fouling from the bore, leaving it clean and smooth. Cleaning rods are typically made of steel or aluminum and come in different lengths to accommodate different barrel lengths. Nylon patches are recommended as they are soft and non-abrasive, and can be used multiple times before discarding.
Bore brushes are used to scrub the inside of the bore to remove stubborn fouling. They come in different sizes and shapes to accommodate different caliber rifles. Bronze brushes are a good choice as they are less likely to damage the bore than steel brushes.
Solvents and Lubricants
Cleaning solvents are used to dissolve dirt, fouling, and other contaminants from the bore and other components of the AR-15. There are several different types of solvents available, and it is important to use one that is specifically designed for firearms. Lubricants are used to protect metal parts from wear and corrosion, and to ensure smooth operation.
| Item | Purpose |
|---|---|
| Cleaning Rod | Push cleaning patches through the bore to remove dirt and debris |
| Cleaning Patches | Pick up dirt and debris from the bore |
| Bore Brush | Scrub the inside of the bore to remove stubborn fouling |
| Solvent | Dissolve dirt and fouling from the bore and other components |
| Lubricant | Protect metal parts from wear and corrosion, and ensure smooth operation |
Disassembly for Cleaning
Cleaning an AR-15 is essential for maintaining its reliability and accuracy. Before starting, gather necessary tools like a cleaning rod, chamber brush, bore brush, and cleaning patches. Follow these steps for proper disassembly:
1. Unload the Rifle and Remove the Magazine
Ensure the rifle is unloaded and the magazine is removed. This safety measure prevents accidental discharge during disassembly.
2. Remove the Upper Receiver
Grasp the charging handle and pull it rearward. Align the takedown pins with the holes on the lower receiver. Push the rear takedown pin forward using a finger or the butt of a cleaning rod. Push the takedown pins and pivot the upper receiver forward. Lift the upper receiver free from the lower receiver.
3. Remove the Bolt Carrier Group
Pull the charging handle rearward and lift the bolt carrier group out of the upper receiver.
4. Remove the Charging Handle
Pull the charging handle rearward and rotate it counterclockwise. Lift the charging handle free from the bolt carrier group.
5. Remove the Firing Pin
Use a retaining pin punch to push the retaining pin out of the firing pin. Remove the firing pin.
6. Remove the Bolt
Grasp the bolt and pull it rearward until it is disengaged from the bolt carrier. Remove the bolt from the bolt carrier.
7. Remove the Extractor
Use a punch or small screwdriver to push the extractor out of the bolt.
8. Remove the Extractor Spring
Use a small screwdriver or punch to remove the extractor spring from the bolt.
9. Remove the Ejector
Use a punch or small screwdriver to push the ejector out of the bolt.
10. Remove the Ejector Spring
Use a small screwdriver or punch to remove the ejector spring from the bolt.
Removing the Upper Receiver
Before you begin, ensure that your AR-15 is unloaded and pointed in a safe direction. The following steps will guide you through removing the upper receiver:
- Open the charging handle. Pull the charging handle fully to the rear and hold it in that position.
- Push the takedown pins. Locate the two takedown pins on the lower receiver. Use a finger or a tool to press both pins simultaneously. The pins should depress a few millimeters inward.
- Separate the upper and lower receivers. While holding the takedown pins depressed, gently slide the upper receiver forward off the lower receiver. Be careful not to force it, as this could damage the rifle.
Once you have separated the upper and lower receivers, you will need to clean the bolt carrier group (BCG) and the upper receiver. To clean the BCG, follow the steps outlined in the “Cleaning the Bolt Carrier Group” section. To clean the upper receiver, use a brush and cleaning solvent to remove any dirt or debris. You can also use a bore snake to clean the barrel from the chamber end.
Once you have cleaned the upper receiver and BCG, reassemble the rifle. To do so, simply reverse the steps outlined above. First, slide the upper receiver onto the lower receiver until it clicks into place. Then, push the takedown pins back into position until they are fully seated.
Cleaning the Upper Receiver and Barrel
Disassembling the Upper Receiver
To clean the upper receiver, begin by separating it from the lower receiver by depressing the takedown pin and sliding the upper receiver forward off the lower receiver.
Removing the Bolt Carrier Group
Next, remove the bolt carrier group by pulling the rearward assist knob fully to the rear, lifting the charging handle slightly, and sliding the bolt carrier group out of the upper receiver.
Cleaning the Upper Receiver
Use a cleaning patch soaked in solvent to wipe down the inside of the upper receiver, paying special attention to the bolt raceway and the bore cavity. Scrub any remaining carbon or debris with a nylon-bristled brush. Finally, run a patch soaked in lubricant through the bolt raceway and the bore cavity to protect them from corrosion.
Cleaning the Barrel
| Barrel Material | Recommended Cleaning Frequency |
|---|---|
| Nitrided | Every 200-300 rounds |
| Chrome-lined | Every 500-600 rounds |
| Stainless steel | Every 700-800 rounds |
| Carbon steel | Every 100-150 rounds |
To clean the barrel, use a bore snake or cleaning rod with a bronze brush and patches. Insert the brush into the bore from the chamber end and apply gentle pressure while scrubbing. Rotate the brush as you move it through the bore to ensure even cleaning. Repeat this process with patches soaked in solvent until the patches come out clean. Finally, run a patch soaked in lubricant through the bore to protect it from corrosion.
Cleaning the Bolt Carrier Group
The bolt carrier group (BCG) is the heart of the AR-15, and it’s important to keep it clean and well-lubricated to ensure reliable operation. Here’s a step-by-step guide to cleaning the BCG:
Step 1: Disassemble the BCG
To disassemble the BCG, you’ll need to remove the firing pin and cam pin. Start by pulling back on the charging handle and then pushing forward on the takedown pins to separate the upper and lower receivers. Next, remove the bolt from the bolt carrier by pulling down on the extractor and then pushing forward on the firing pin. Finally, remove the cam pin by pushing it out from the left side of the BCG.
Step 2: Clean the Bolt
The bolt is the most important part of the BCG, so it’s important to clean it thoroughly. You can use a cotton swab or a brush to remove any dirt or debris from the exterior of the bolt. Be sure to pay special attention to the firing pin hole and the extractor.
Step 3: Clean the Bolt Carrier
The bolt carrier is the other major component of the BCG. It’s important to clean the bolt carrier thoroughly to ensure smooth operation. You can use a cotton swab or a brush to remove any dirt or debris from the exterior of the bolt carrier. Additionally, make sure to scrape away any carbon buildup.
Step 4: Clean the Firing Pin and Cam Pin
The firing pin and cam pin are small components, but they’re essential for the proper functioning of the BCG. Use a cotton swab to remove any dirt or debris from the firing pin and cam pin. Be sure to pay special attention to the tip of the firing pin.
Step 5: Reassemble the BCG
Once you’ve cleaned all of the components of the BCG, it’s time to reassemble it. Start by inserting the cam pin into the left side of the BCG. Next, insert the firing pin into the bolt. Finally, insert the bolt into the bolt carrier.
Step 6: Lubricate the BCG
Once the BCG is reassembled, it’s important to lubricate it to ensure smooth operation. You can use a light oil or grease to lubricate the BCG. Be sure to apply a thin layer of lubricant to all of the moving parts of the BCG.
Step 7: Reinstall the BCG
Once the BCG is lubricated, it’s time to reinstall it. Start by pulling back on the charging handle and then pushing forward on the takedown pins to separate the upper and lower receivers. Next, insert the BCG into the upper receiver and push it forward until it locks into place. Finally, close the upper receiver and insert the takedown pins.
Cleaning the Lower Receiver
The lower receiver is the heart of your AR-15, housing the trigger group, magazine release, and other critical components. Here’s a detailed guide to cleaning the lower receiver:
1. Remove the Upper Receiver
Separate the upper from the lower receiver by pushing the two takedown pins and pulling the receiver halves apart.
2. Field Strip the Lower Receiver
Remove the magazine release button, trigger guard, pistol grip, and buttstock from the lower receiver.
3. Clean the Exterior
Use a soft cloth or brush to remove any dirt or debris from the exterior surfaces of the receiver. For stubborn dirt, you can use a mild cleaning solution diluted with water.
4. Clean the Magazine Well
Insert a cleaning brush into the magazine well and scrub all surfaces to remove any dirt or residue.
5. Clean the Trigger Guard
Use a small brush or cotton swab to clean the trigger guard and trigger mechanism. Pay attention to any debris that may be accumulating in the trigger housing.
6. Clean the Bolt Catch and Release
The bolt catch and release are critical components that ensure the reliable functioning of your rifle. Follow these steps to clean them thoroughly:
- Inspect the bolt catch and release for any visible dirt or debris.
- Use a cotton swab or small brush to gently clean the surfaces of the bolt catch and release. Be careful not to damage the delicate components.
- Insert the bolt catch into the receiver and release it several times to ensure it is operating smoothly and without excessive friction.
- If necessary, use a small amount of CLP (Cleaner, Lubricant, Preservative) or other gun cleaner to remove any stubborn dirt or debris.
- Wipe away any excess cleaner or lubricant with a clean cloth or cotton swab.
- Repeat steps 4-5 for the bolt release.
7. Reassemble the Lower Receiver
Once the lower receiver is clean, reinstall the trigger guard, pistol grip, buttstock, and magazine release button. Ensure all components are properly aligned and tightened.
Reassembly of the Upper Receiver
The upper receiver houses the bolt carrier group, charging handle, and barrel assembly. It is critical to ensure that all components are correctly reassembled to prevent malfunctions.
Step 1: Barrel Installation
Insert the barrel into the upper receiver and hand-tighten the barrel nut using a barrel nut wrench.
Step 2: Handguard Installation
Slide the handguard over the barrel nut and secure it using the appropriate fasteners.
Step 3: Gas Tube Installation
Align the gas tube with the gas block on the barrel and secure it with the gas tube roll pin.
Step 4: Bolt Carrier Group (BCG) Installation
Insert the bolt carrier assembly into the upper receiver. Ensure that the firing pin is aligned with the barrel and press the BCG forward until it locks into place.
Step 5: Charging Handle Installation
Insert the charging handle into the upper receiver and pull it back to engage the bolt carrier.
Step 6: Forward Assist Installation
Locate the forward assist plunger in the upper receiver and insert the forward assist assembly. Depress the plunger to ensure it is seated.
Step 7: Dust Cover Installation
Slide the dust cover over the ejection port and secure it with the spring and retaining pin.
Step 8: Rear Sight Installation
There are numerous types of rear sights available for the AR-15. The installation method may vary slightly depending on the specific model. Here is a general guideline for installing a standard flip-up rear sight:
Flip-Up Rear Sight Installation 1. Locate the desired position on the Picatinny rail. 2. Press down on the release lever on the rear sight base. 3. Position the rear sight base on the Picatinny rail and release the lever to lock it in place. 4. Flip up the sight aperture as needed. Regular Maintenance and Cleaning Tips
1. Disassemble the Rifle
Before cleaning, disassemble the AR-15 by removing the upper and lower receivers, charging handle, bolt carrier group, and magazine. Refer to your owner’s manual for specific disassembly instructions.
2. Clean the Barrel
Use a cleaning rod with a bore brush and cleaning solvent. Insert the brush into the barrel from the chamber end and push it through to the opposite end. Repeat this process several times, using a clean patch or cloth to wipe away excess solvent.
3. Clean the Bolt Carrier Group
Use a cleaning brush and solvent to clean the bolt, firing pin, cam pin, and gas rings. Pay special attention to the extractor and ejector, as they can become clogged with carbon buildup.
4. Clean the Upper and Lower Receivers
Use a cleaning patch or cloth and solvent to wipe down the interiors of the upper and lower receivers. Remove debris, carbon, and oil from all surfaces.
5. Clean the Charging Handle
Use a cleaning brush and solvent to clean the charging handle and latch. Remove any dirt or debris from the handle and bolt catch area.
6. Clean the Magazine
Use a cleaning brush and solvent to clean the magazine follower and spring. Remove any debris or dirt that may impede the magazine from functioning properly.
7. Lubricate the Rifle
Apply a small amount of gun lubricant to all moving parts, including the bolt carrier, charging handle, magazine catch, and trigger. Avoid over-lubricating, as excess lubricant can attract dirt and affect the rifle’s performance.
8. Reassemble the Rifle
Reassemble the rifle by reversing the disassembly steps. Ensure all components are properly aligned and tightened.
9. Double-Check Function
Before firing the rifle, double-check its function by completing a cycle of operations. Ensure the safety is on, and rack the charging handle to verify the bolt carrier movement and magazine engagement.
10. Store Properly
Store the AR-15 in a dry, secure location. If possible, use a gun case or safe to protect the rifle from moisture and damage. If the rifle is stored for an extended period, remove any batteries from optics or other accessories.
Part Cleaning Method Barrel Bore brush and cleaning solvent Bolt carrier group Cleaning brush and solvent Upper and lower receivers Cleaning patch or cloth and solvent Charging handle Cleaning brush and solvent Magazine Cleaning brush and solvent How To Clean AR-15
The AR-15 is a popular semi-automatic rifle that is used for both recreational shooting and self-defense. It is important to keep your AR-15 clean in order to ensure that it functions properly and safely. Here are the steps on how to clean an AR-15:
- Unload the rifle and remove the magazine.
- Remove the bolt carrier group.
- Clean the bolt and bolt carrier with a solvent and a brush.
- Clean the firing pin and extractor with a solvent and a brush.
- Clean the inside of the upper and lower receivers with a solvent and a brush.
- Clean the barrel with a bore snake or a cleaning rod.
- Lubricate the bolt carrier group, firing pin, and extractor with a lubricant.
- Reassemble the rifle.
People Also Ask About How To Clean AR-15
What is the best way to clean an AR-15?
The best way to clean an AR-15 is to use a solvent and a brush. You can also use a bore snake or a cleaning rod to clean the barrel.
How often should I clean my AR-15?
You should clean your AR-15 after every use. If you shoot your AR-15 frequently, you may need to clean it more often.
What type of lubricant should I use for my AR-15?
You should use a lubricant that is specifically designed for firearms. There are many different types of lubricants available, so you should read the product labels carefully before choosing one.
