Stitching is a common technique used in sewing, knitting, and other textile arts to join pieces of fabric or yarn together. While stitches are essential for creating garments and objects, there comes a time when they need to be ended. Ending a stitch correctly ensures that the seam is secure, the fabric is not damaged, and the finished product looks professional. Whether you are a seasoned sewer or just starting out, learning how to end a stitch properly is crucial. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you master this technique and achieve a polished finish in your sewing projects.
To begin, identify the last stitch made. Once you have located the last stitch, you will need to decide which method you want to use to end it. There are two common methods for ending a stitch: knotting and weaving. Knotting involves tying a small knot at the end of the thread to secure it. This method is quick and easy, but it can be bulky and visible in some fabrics. Weaving, on the other hand, involves passing the thread through the previous stitches to create a secure and less noticeable finish. The choice of method depends on the fabric, the type of stitch, and your personal preference. Once you have chosen a method, follow the steps outlined below to end your stitch.
Identifying Stitch Causes
Stitches, also known as side stitches or exercise-related transient abdominal pain (ETAP), are sudden, sharp, stabbing pains that occur in the side of the abdomen or lower chest. They are a common problem among runners, swimmers, and other athletes, and can be extremely uncomfortable.
Possible Causes
* Inadequate Warm-Up: Not warming up properly before exercise can strain the diaphragm and abdominal muscles, leading to stitches.
* Overeating or Dehydration: Eating a large meal or drinking too much fluids before exercising can put pressure on the diaphragm, increasing the risk of stitches.
* Irregular Breathing: Shallow or irregular breathing can limit oxygen supply to the diaphragm, causing it to spasm.
* Muscle Imbalances: Weak or tight abdominal muscles can create imbalances that put extra stress on the diaphragm.
* Spinal Issues: Certain spinal conditions, such as scoliosis or a herniated disk, can irritate nerves that innervate the diaphragm.
* Gastric Problems: Acid reflux, gastritis, or other gastric issues can irritate the diaphragm.
* Inadequate Core Strength: Weak core muscles can compromise the stability of the trunk and increase the likelihood of stitches.
* Too Much, Too Soon: Exercising too intensely or for too long, especially if you’re not adequately conditioned, can strain the diaphragm.
* Running on an Incline: Running uphill puts additional strain on the diaphragm, which can trigger stitches.
* Other Medical Conditions: In rare cases, stitches can be a symptom of more serious underlying medical conditions, such as pleurisy or a pulmonary embolism.
Stopping the Stitching Process
1. Precision Cutting
Carefully cut the loose thread close to the fabric’s surface. Avoid pulling or tugging on the fabric, as this can damage the stitches or create runs.
2. Knotting and Sewing Backwards
To reinforce the loose thread and prevent further unraveling, follow these steps:
- Tie a small knot at the end of the loose thread.
- Insert the needle back into the fabric about 1/4 inch from the knot.
- Sew backwards for a few stitches over the knot and loose thread, securing them.
| Stitch Type | Instructions |
|---|---|
| Straight Stitch: | Stitch in a straight line over the knot, making sure to catch the loose thread underneath. |
| Zigzag Stitch: | Stitch over the knot in a zigzag pattern, using a narrow stitch width and short stitch length. |
| Overlock Stitch: | If available, use an overlocker to trim and reinforce the loose thread with a single operation. |
3. Mending and Reinforcing
For larger holes or torn areas, additional mending techniques may be necessary:
- **Patchwork:** Cut a piece of fabric large enough to cover the hole and sew it over the tear using a slip stitch or other invisible stitch.
- **Darning:** Use a needle and thread to darn over the torn area, creating a series of small stitches that interlace and reinforce the fabric.
- **Iron-On Mending Tape:** For a quick and easy solution, apply iron-on mending tape over the hole, following the manufacturer’s instructions.
Secure and Lock the Loose End
The final step in ending a stitch is to secure and lock the loose end to prevent it from unraveling. This involves a combination of pulling the loose end through the last loop, tightening it, and anchoring it with a knot or weave.
1. Pull the Loose End Through the Last Loop
With the needle still threaded, pass the loose end of the yarn through the last loop on the hook. Gently pull it tight to create a small loop.
2. Tighten the Loose End
Grasp the loose end and the small loop with your thumb and forefinger. Pull on the loose end to tighten the loop, bringing it close to the base of the last stitch.
3. Anchor the Loose End
There are several ways to anchor the loose end securely:
| Method | Steps |
|—|—|
| Single Knot | Pass the loose end through the small loop again, pull it tight, and cut off the excess yarn. |
| Double Knot | Repeat the single knot process a second time for added security. |
| Invisible Weave | Insert the needle into the base of the last stitch, leaving a short tail. Thread the loose end onto the needle and weave it through the last few stitches, securing it from the inside. |
| Slipknot | Make a small slipknot at the end of the loose end. Insert the hook into the base of the last stitch and hook the slipknot. Pull it through and tighten it. |
4. Trim the Excess Yarn
Once the loose end is securely anchored, use scissors to trim off any excess yarn, leaving a short tail for a neat finish.
Using a Needle to End a Stitch
Ending a stitch with a needle is a delicate but effective technique. It involves threading a needle with the yarn and carefully weaving it through the stitches to secure the end. Here are detailed steps to guide you through the process:
1. Thread the Needle: Thread a needle with a yarn tail long enough to reach the next stitch you want to secure.
2. Locate the Last Stitch: Identify the last stitch you worked or the one you want to secure.
3. Insert the Needle: Insert the threaded needle from the back of the stitch, going up through the center of the loop.
4. Draw the Yarn Through: Pull the yarn tail through the loop, forming a small knot. Be gentle to avoid stretching or breaking the yarn.
5. Repeat Steps 3-4: Continue inserting the needle through the next stitch in the row and drawing the yarn tail through to create a series of small knots.
6. Tighten the Knots: Gently pull on the yarn tail to tighten the knots and secure the stitches.
7. Cut the Yarn Tail: Once the knots are secure, trim the excess yarn tail close to the last stitch.
| Needle Size | SuitableYarn Types |
|---|---|
| Small (size 10-12) | Fine cotton, silk, lightweight wool |
| Medium (size 7-9) | Standard weight wool, acrylic, cotton |
| Large (size 5-6) | Bulky yarn, thick wool, upholstery yarn |
Utilizing a Thimble for Protection
A thimble, a protective cap worn over the finger when sewing, can greatly enhance your comfort and prevent painful stitches. Here are some detailed guidelines for using a thimble effectively:
Choose the Right Size
Selecting a thimble that fits snugly on your finger is crucial. Too small a thimble will constrict your finger, while too large a thimble will slip around and provide inadequate protection.
Wear the Thimble Correctly
Put the thimble on your middle finger, which is typically used for pushing the needle through the fabric. Position the thimble towards the base of your finger, with the dimpled surface facing the needle.
Align the Needle
When sewing, hold the thimble so that the needle passes through its center. This ensures optimal protection and prevents the needle from puncturing your finger.
Use Different Thimble Shapes
Thimble shapes vary depending on the intended use. Open-top thimbles offer more flexibility, while closed-top thimbles provide better protection. Choose the shape that best suits your sewing style.
Protect Multiple Fingers
For tasks that involve heavy pushing or hand stitching, consider using thimbles on multiple fingers. This provides additional protection and reduces fatigue.
| Finger | Suggested Thimble Type |
|---|---|
| Middle Finger | Open or closed-top thimble with a dimpled surface |
| Index Finger | Open-top thimble for flexibility |
| Ring Finger | Closed-top thimble for extra protection |
Understanding When to Tie a Knot
Deciding when to tie a knot at the end of a stitch is an important consideration to ensure the durability and appearance of your knitted fabric. Here are some factors to consider:
- Yarn Weight: Heavier yarns may require a knot to prevent the stitches from unraveling.
- Stitch Pattern: Some stitch patterns, such as lace or openwork, may benefit from a knot to stabilize the stitches.
- Fabric Purpose: Items that will be subjected to friction or wear and tear may need a knot to reinforce the stitches.
- Personal Preference: Ultimately, the decision of whether or not to tie a knot is a matter of personal preference.
- Yarn Tension: If the yarn has been knitted with loose tension, a knot may be necessary to prevent the stitches from slipping off the needles.
- Tail Length: If there is insufficient yarn left to weave in securely, a knot may be required to provide additional length.
Knot Types for Ending Stitches
The following table summarizes the different types of knots that can be used to end a stitch:
| Knot Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Slip Knot | Simple and quick to tie, creates a secure and adjustable loop. |
| Square Knot | Also known as a reef knot, creates a flat and strong knot that is ideal for heavier yarns. |
| Surgeon’s Knot | Used in medical applications, this knot is secure and easy to untie. |
| Double Surgeon’s Knot | Provides additional strength and prevents the knot from slipping. |
| Weaver’s Knot | Creates a small and inconspicuous knot that is suitable for lace or openwork fabrics. |
Choosing the Right Thread for the Job
When choosing the right thread for the job, it’s important to consider factors such as the fabric type, the desired stitch, and the intended use. Here’s a comprehensive guide to selecting the optimal thread for your project:
Fiber Type
Choose threads made from fibers that are compatible with the fabric. Natural fibers like cotton, silk, and linen are suitable for natural fabrics, while synthetic fibers like polyester and nylon are ideal for synthetic fabrics.
Thread Size
Thread size is typically indicated in numbers (e.g., 50, 100). Thicker threads produce bolder stitches, while finer threads create more delicate stitches. Match the thread size to the weight of the fabric and the desired stitch size.
Thread Ply
Thread ply refers to the number of strands twisted together. Single-ply threads are the thinnest and create a delicate stitch, while multiple-ply threads are thicker and produce a more durable stitch.
Thread Texture
Thread can have different textures, such as smooth or textured. Smooth threads are suitable for general sewing, while textured threads provide a decorative effect.
Twist
The twist of the thread affects its strength and durability. High-twist threads are stronger and more resistant to breaking, while low-twist threads are softer and more pliable.
Color and Finish
Consider the color and finish of the thread to match the fabric and create the desired effect. Available finishes include matte, glossy, or metallic.
Specialty Threads
For specific applications, specialty threads are available, such as elastic thread for stretchy fabrics, invisible thread for discreet stitching, and metallic thread for a decorative touch.
| Fabric Type | Recommended Thread Type | Thread Size |
|---|---|---|
| Cotton | Cotton, Polyester | 50-100 |
| Linen | Linen, Cotton | 30-60 |
| Silk | Silk, Polyester | 40-80 |
| Synthetics | Polyester, Nylon | 50-120 |
Maintaining a Steady Thread Tension
Consistent thread tension is paramount in preventing stitches from ending abruptly. Factors that can affect thread tension include:
- Thread type: Heavier threads require higher tension.
- Needle size: Thinner needles necessitate lower tension.
- Fabric type: Delicate fabrics call for reduced tension.
To achieve optimal tension:
- Select the appropriate thread and needle size for the fabric.
- Adjust the tension dial on the machine to a middle setting.
- Test the tension by sewing on a scrap of fabric.
- If the stitches are puckering, increase the tension slightly.
- If the stitches are loose, decrease the tension slightly.
- For precise tension adjustment, refer to your machine’s manual.
Thread Tension Chart
The following table provides a general guideline for thread tension:
| Fabric | Thread Type | Needle Size | Tension Setting |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cotton | Cotton | 80/12 | Medium |
| Silk | Silk | 70/10 | Low |
| Polyester | Polyester | 80/12 | High |
| Knits | Stretch thread | 75/11 Stretch | Medium to low |
Avoiding Common Mistakes in Ending Stitches
Mistake 9: Not Weaving in Loose Ends Thoroughly
Consequences:
Leaving loose ends unwoven can lead to:
- Snagging on other stitches or clothing
- Weakening the seam, making it prone to unraveling
- Creating a rough or bulky finish
Solution:
- Use a tapestry needle or a fine crochet hook to weave in loose ends.
- Weave the thread through several stitches, both on the right and wrong sides of the fabric.
- Cut the excess thread close to the fabric, leaving a small tail of about 1/4 inch.
- For thicker yarns, you may need to split the yarn into individual strands and weave them in separately to avoid bulk.
| Yarn Weight | Needle/Hook Size | Thread Count |
|---|---|---|
| Lace | Size 18-22 tapestry needle | 4-6 threads |
| Fingering | Size 16-18 tapestry needle | 6-8 threads |
| Sport | Size 14-16 tapestry needle | 8-10 threads |
| Worsted | Size 12-14 tapestry needle | 10-12 threads |
| Bulky | Size 10-12 tapestry needle | 12-14 threads |
Ensuring a Durable Finish
Once you’ve sewn a stitch, it’s crucial to secure it properly to prevent unraveling. Here’s how to ensure a durable finish:
1. Use the Correct Knot
Different stitch types require different knots to hold them securely. Familiarize yourself with the various knots, such as the surgeon’s knot, square knot, and granny knot.
2. Double Knot
For added strength, always tie a double knot. Pass the thread’s end through the loop twice before pulling it tight.
3. Trim the Excess
Trim the excess thread close to the knot, leaving about 1/4 inch of thread tail. This will minimize fraying.
4. Tuck the Ends In
Use a needle or tweezers to tuck the thread ends into the seam allowance. This will conceal them and prevent snagging.
5. Use a Seam Sealer
For extra protection, apply a seam sealer to the stitching line. This liquid adhesive will reinforce the thread and prevent unraveling.
6. Use a Sewing Machine Needle with the Correct Size
Using the wrong needle size can damage the thread and weaken the stitch. Refer to the needle manufacturer’s chart for the recommended needle size based on the thread weight.
7. Sew in the Correct Direction
To avoid thread breaks, sew in the direction of the grain if possible. This will distribute the stress evenly along the fibers.
8. Use a Stitch Length That Suits the Fabric
The stitch length should be appropriate for the fabric weight and weave. A shorter stitch length provides greater strength, while a longer stitch length is suitable for lightweight materials.
9. Reinforce Stress Points
For seams that will experience significant stress, such as pockets or buttonholes, consider using a bar tack or zigzag stitch to reinforce the area.
10. Iron the Seams
Ironing the seams flat will help set the stitches and prevent puckering. Use a medium heat setting and a damp cloth to avoid scorching the fabric. Ironing also reduces thread breakage and helps create a more professional finish.
How to End a Stitch
When you’re finished sewing, it’s important to properly end the stitch to prevent the seam from unraveling. Here are the steps on how to end a stitch:
- Bring the needle up through the fabric, just behind the last stitch.
- Pass the needle over the top of the thread, then back down through the loop you just created.
- Pull the thread tight to form a knot.
- Trim the excess thread close to the knot.
People Also Ask
How do you end a stitch on a sewing machine?
To end a stitch on a sewing machine, simply push the reverse button to sew a few stitches in reverse, then sew forward over the reverse stitches to secure the thread. Trim the excess thread close to the knot.
How do you end a stitch on a serger?
To end a stitch on a serger, simply sew a few stitches off the edge of the fabric, then trim the excess thread close to the serged edge.
How do you end a stitch on a hand sewing needle?
To end a stitch on a hand sewing needle, simply bring the needle up through the fabric, just behind the last stitch. Pass the needle over the top of the thread, then back down through the loop you just created. Pull the thread tight to form a knot. Trim the excess thread close to the knot.
How do you end a stitch on a crochet hook?
To end a stitch on a crochet hook, simply yarn over the hook and draw the yarn through the last loop on the hook. Pull the yarn tight to form a knot. Trim the excess yarn close to the knot.
