Embark on a musical odyssey with the ethereal sounds of the mountain dulcimer, a captivating instrument that has captivated hearts for centuries. Its gentle resonance and enchanting melodies evoke a sense of tranquility and nostalgia, making it an ideal companion for both seasoned musicians and those seeking a soothing escape. With its accessible learning curve and versatile repertoire, the mountain dulcimer welcomes players of all levels, promising an enriching and rewarding musical experience.
The mountain dulcimer, with its elongated teardrop shape and mesmerizing fretwork, is a true tapestry of craftsmanship. Its three strings, tuned in unison or an octave apart, dance gracefully beneath the calloused fingers of its players. The fretting system, unique to the dulcimer, invites experimentation and improvisation, allowing musicians to explore their creativity and craft their own musical narratives. Whether strumming, picking, or using a noter to highlight melodies, the dulcimer’s sonic possibilities are as boundless as the imagination.
The rich history of the mountain dulcimer is deeply intertwined with the Appalachian Mountains of the United States. Its origins can be traced back to early German and English settlers who brought their musical traditions to the rugged terrain. Over time, the dulcimer evolved into a beloved instrument of folk and traditional music, capturing the spirit of the Appalachian people and becoming an integral part of their cultural heritage. Today, the mountain dulcimer continues to enchant listeners around the world, inspiring a new generation of musicians to embrace its timeless appeal and create their own musical journeys.
Choosing a Mountain Dulcimer
What to Consider:
Selecting a mountain dulcimer can be an exciting journey, but it’s essential to consider your needs and preferences. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you make an informed decision:
1. Body Shape and Size:
Mountain dulcimers come in various body shapes, including teardrop, hourglass, and trapezoid. The teardrop shape is the traditional design, offering a sweet and resonant tone. Hourglass models provide a more balanced sound, while trapezoid shapes offer a fuller bass response. The size of the body also affects the sound; larger bodies produce a louder and more resonant tone.
Consider your playing style and preferences. If you prefer a mellower sound, a teardrop or hourglass model may be suitable. For a fuller and brighter tone, a larger body size with a trapezoid shape can be a great choice.
2. Wood Type:
The wood used in the construction of the dulcimer has a significant impact on its sound. Common wood types include cherry, walnut, mahogany, and spruce. Cherrywood produces a warm and balanced tone, while walnut has a rich and resonant sound. Mahogany offers a deep and mellow quality, and spruce is known for its bright and crisp tone.
Choose the wood type based on your desired sound characteristics. Experiment with various models to find the one that best suits your musical preferences.
3. String Configuration:
Mountain dulcimers typically have three strings, but some models have four or five strings. The standard string configuration is D-A-A (from low to high), providing a versatile sound. Four-string dulcimers offer an extended range, while five-string models allow for even more complex melodies and chords.
Consider your musical aspirations and repertoire. If you plan to play traditional folk melodies, a three-string dulcimer may be sufficient. For more advanced techniques and a wider range of musical possibilities, a four- or five-string model may be a better choice.
Here’s a table summarizing the key factors to consider when choosing a mountain dulcimer:
| Factor | Description |
|---|---|
| Body Shape | Teardrop, hourglass, trapezoid; affects tone and volume |
| Wood Type | Cherry, walnut, mahogany, spruce; influences sound characteristics |
| String Configuration | Three, four, or five strings; affects range and versatility |
Tuning Your Mountain Dulcimer
Tuning your mountain dulcimer correctly is essential for producing harmonious sounds. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you achieve the perfect tuning:
Positioning Your Dulcimer
Place the dulcimer on a stable surface, such as a table or stand. The soundhole should be facing up, and the strings should be stretched over the bridge. Ensure that the instrument is level and all the strings are in their proper positions.
Choosing Your Tuning
There are several popular tunings for mountain dulcimers, including:
| Tuning | Notes |
|---|---|
| Standard | dAA |
| DAD | DAD |
| DGB | DGB |
Tuning with an Electronic Tuner
Using an electronic tuner is the most accurate way to tune your dulcimer. Clip the tuner to the headstock or string post and strum each string lightly. The tuner will display the note that the string is playing. Adjust the tuning peg accordingly until the correct note is achieved.
Tuning by Ear
If you don’t have an electronic tuner, you can tune your dulcimer by ear using a reference pitch. You can use a tuning fork, another tuned instrument (such as a guitar), or a pitch pipe to establish your reference. Compare the sound of your string to the reference and adjust the tuning peg until they match.
Learning Basic Chords
Chords are fundamental to playing the mountain dulcimer. By mastering a few basic chords, you can unlock countless songs and melodies. Here are the most essential chords for beginners:
1. D Major Chord
The D Major chord is a simple triad consisting of the notes D, F#, and A. It is formed by placing your index finger on the 3rd fret of the first string (D), middle finger on the 1st fret of the second string (A), and ring finger on the 2nd fret of the third string (F#).
2. G Major Chord
The G Major chord is another essential triad. It is played with the index finger on the 1st fret of the first string (G), middle finger on the 2nd fret of the second string (B), and ring finger on the 3rd fret of the third string (D).
3. C Major Chord
The C Major chord is a slightly more complex chord, but it is still relatively easy to learn. It is formed by placing your index finger on the 1st fret of the first string (C), middle finger on the 1st fret of the second string (E), ring finger on the 2nd fret of the third string (G), and pinky finger on the 3rd fret of the fourth string (C).
| String | 1st Fret | 2nd Fret | 3rd Fret |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | D | – | – |
| 2nd | – | A | – |
| 3rd | – | F# | – |
| 4th | – | – | – |
Holding the Dulcimer
Holding the dulcimer correctly is essential for playing comfortably and producing clear, accurate notes. Follow these steps to hold the instrument properly.
Positioning the Dulcimer
Place the dulcimer on your lap or a table, with the fretboard facing you and the body resting on your legs. The sound hole should be towards your right, and the peghead should be on your left.
Body Support
Support the body of the dulcimer with your left hand. Place your thumb on the back of the dulcimer, just behind the fretboard. The rest of your fingers should wrap around the sides of the body.
Neck Grip
Grip the neck of the dulcimer with your right hand. Position your thumb on the back of the neck, behind the first fret. The rest of your fingers should wrap around the front of the neck.
Finger Placement
| Finger | Positioning |
|---|---|
| Index | Frets the notes on the first string |
| Middle | Frets the notes on the second string |
| Ring | Frets the notes on the third string |
| Pinky | Frets the notes on the fourth string |
Keep your fingers close to the frets to ensure accuracy and avoid buzzing. The distance between your fingers should be approximately the same as the distance between the frets.
Strumming Techniques
Basic Downstrokes
Hold the pick between your thumb and index finger and rest your hand lightly on the strings. Move your arm down in a fluid motion to strum all the strings simultaneously.
Upstrokes
Start with the pick resting on the strings below your strumming hand. Use an upward motion to strum the strings.
Alternate Strumming
Combine downstrokes and upstrokes to create a continuous rhythm. Start with a downstroke, followed by an upstroke, and then alternate between the two.
Rasgueado
A rapid strumming technique where the pick is moved in a circular motion across the strings. This creates a percussive and rhythmic effect.
Tremolo
A technique where the pick is rapidly moved back and forth across the same string, creating a shimmering or vibrating sound. Below is a table summarizing these techniques:
| Technique | Motion |
|---|---|
| Downstrokes | Arm moves down to strum all strings |
| Upstrokes | Arm moves up to strum strings |
| Alternate Strumming | Alternating downstrokes and upstrokes |
| Rasgueado | Pick moved in a circular motion |
| Tremolo | Pick moved rapidly back and forth on same string |
Hammering and Pull-offs
Hammering and pull-offs are techniques that involve changing the note played on a string without picking it again. In hammering, the finger on the fretted note is quickly brought down onto the string, “hammering” the string and causing it to sound.
In pull-offs, the finger on the fretted note is quickly lifted off the string, causing the string to “pull off” and sound the note below.
Hammering
To hammer on, place your finger on the string above the fret you want to play. Then, quickly bring your finger down onto the fret, hammering the string and causing it to sound.
Hammering can be used to add emphasis to a note, or to create a fluid, legato sound.
Pull-offs
To pull off, place your finger on the string and fret the note you want to play. Then, quickly lift your finger off the string, pulling it off and causing it to sound the note below.
Pull-offs can be used to create a syncopated, rhythmic sound, or to transition smoothly between notes.
Techniques for Hammering and Pull-offs
Here are some tips for effective hammering and pull-offs:
- Use a light touch when hammering or pulling off. Too much force can cause the string to buzz or break.
- Make sure your fingers are clean and dry. Oily or dirty fingers can make it difficult to get a good grip on the strings.
- Practice regularly. Hammering and pull-offs require coordination and practice to master.
| Technique | Description |
|---|---|
| Hammering | Place your finger on the string above the fret you want to play and quickly bring your finger down onto the fret, hammering the string and causing it to sound. |
| Pull-offs | Place your finger on the string and fret the note you want to play. Then, quickly lift your finger off the string, pulling it off and causing it to sound the note below. |
Playing Fingerstyle
To play fingerstyle, you will use a combination of fingerpicking and strumming. The most common fingerpicking patterns involve using your thumb to play the bass notes on the bottom strings, while your other fingers play the melody on the top strings.
Here is a basic fingerpicking pattern that you can try:
| Beat | Thumb | Index Finger | Middle Finger | Ring Finger | Pinky Finger |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Down | Rest | Rest | Rest | Rest |
| 2 | Rest | Up | Rest | Rest | Rest |
| 3 | Rest | Rest | Down | Rest | Rest |
| 4 | Down | Rest | Rest | Up | Rest |
Once you have mastered this basic pattern, you can start to experiment with different variations. You can try adding syncopated rhythms, using different fingerings, or incorporating strumming into your fingerpicking.
Fingerstyle playing is a versatile technique that allows you to create a wide range of sounds and textures on the mountain dulcimer. With a little practice, you can develop your own unique fingerstyle playing style.
Playing with a Pick
Using a pick to play the dulcimer offers a different sound and playing experience than using your fingers. Here are some tips for playing with a pick:
1. Choose the right pick.
There are many different types of picks available, so you may need to experiment to find one that you like. The best pick for you will depend on your playing style, the thickness of your dulcimer strings, and the sound you are looking for.
2. Hold the pick correctly.
The correct way to hold a pick is to grip it between your thumb and forefinger, with the tip of the pick facing down. The pick should be held firmly, but not too tightly.
3. Position the pick correctly.
The pick should be placed on the string close to the soundhole. The angle of the pick should be approximately 45 degrees to the string.
4. Use up-and-down motion.
The basic picking motion is to move the pick up and down over the string. The picking motion should be smooth and controlled.
5. Vary the speed of your picking.
You can create different effects by varying the speed of your picking. Picking faster will produce a brighter sound, while picking slower will produce a more mellow sound.
6. Use different picking patterns.
There are many different picking patterns that you can use to create different rhythms and sounds. Some common picking patterns include the downstroke, upstroke, and alternating downstroke-upstroke.
7. Practice, practice, practice!
The best way to improve your dulcimer playing with a pick is to practice regularly. The more you practice, the more comfortable you will become with using a pick and the better your playing will sound.
| Pick Thickness | String Gauge |
|---|---|
| Thin | .010-.012 |
| Medium | .012-.014 |
| Thick | .015-.018 |
Troubleshooting Common Problems
When learning to play the mountain dulcimer, it’s common to encounter challenges. Here are some common issues and their solutions:
Buzzing
Cause: High fret action, improper string tension, or a loose nut
Solution: Adjust the fret height, check string tension, and tighten the loose nut.
Fretted Notes Sounding Muffled
Cause: Too much finger pressure
Solution: Apply gentle pressure only when necessary.
Strings Breaking
Cause: Over-tuning, sharp fret edges, or worn strings
Solution: Check tuning, file down sharp edges, and replace worn strings.
Difficulty Tuning
Cause: Loose tuners, stretched strings, or incorrect peg placement
Solution: Tighten tuners, replace stretched strings, and ensure correct peg alignment.
Pegs Slipping
Cause: Insufficient peg tension or worn pegs
Solution: Tighten pegs or lubricate worn pegs with graphite.
Squeaking
Cause: Lack of lubrication or worn fretboard
Solution: Apply string lubricant or replace the worn fretboard.
Uneven String Spacing
Cause: Incorrect bridge placement or loose nut
Solution: Reposition the bridge or tighten the nut.
Fretboard Peeling Off
Cause: Humidity changes or excessive glue
Solution: Use a humidifier or remove excess glue.
Frets Coming Loose
Cause: Worn or loose frets
Solution: Replace loose frets or tap down worn frets with a hammer.
Advancing Your Skills
As you progress on your mountain dulcimer journey, you’ll encounter more advanced techniques that will elevate your playing. Here are ten ways to advance your skills:
1. Fingerstyle playing: Use individual fingers to pluck or strum strings, creating complex melodies and rhythms.
2. Chord melodies: Play chords while simultaneously picking out the melody, creating a rich harmonic sound.
3. Double stops: Play two strings simultaneously, producing a fuller and resonant tone.
4. Modal playing: Explore non-traditional scales and harmonic structures to add depth and complexity to your music.
5. Drones: Sustain a single note or chord while playing other parts, creating a hypnotic and atmospheric effect.
6. Rhythmic patterns: Experiment with different strumming and picking patterns to add variety and groove to your performances.
7. Improvisation: Break away from sheet music and experiment with creating your own melodies and solos.
8. Accompanying yourself: Use a foot drum or tambourine to accompany your dulcimer playing, adding a percussive element.
9. Open tunings: Experiment with tuning your strings to unconventional notes, creating unique and expressive sounds.
10. Attending workshops and classes: Seek guidance from experienced players through workshops and classes to refine your technique and expand your knowledge.
How To Play Mountain Dulcimer
The mountain dulcimer is a fretted string instrument that is played by strumming or picking the strings with a noter. It is a relatively simple instrument to learn to play, and it can be a lot of fun. If you’re interested in learning how to play the mountain dulcimer, here are a few tips to get you started.
Start by getting a good dulcimer. There are many different types of dulcimers available, so it’s important to find one that is right for you. If you’re a beginner, you may want to start with a less expensive model. Once you’ve chosen a dulcimer, you can start learning the basics of how to play it.
The first thing you’ll need to do is learn how to hold the dulcimer. The instrument should be held in your lap with the soundhole facing up. Your left hand should be placed on the neck of the dulcimer, and your right hand should be used to strum or pick the strings.
Next, you’ll need to learn how to tune the dulcimer. There are many different ways to tune a dulcimer, but the most common tuning is DAD. Once your dulcimer is tuned, you can start learning how to play some basic chords.
There are many resources available to help you learn how to play the mountain dulcimer. You can find books, DVDs, and online lessons that can teach you everything you need to know. With a little practice, you’ll be playing the mountain dulcimer like a pro in no time.
People Also Ask
What is the best way to learn how to play the mountain dulcimer?
There are many different ways to learn how to play the mountain dulcimer. You can find books, DVDs, and online lessons that can teach you everything you need to know. With a little practice, you’ll be playing the mountain dulcimer like a pro in no time.
What are some of the most important things to remember when playing the mountain dulcimer?
There are a few important things to remember when playing the mountain dulcimer. First, always keep your left hand in contact with the neck of the dulcimer. This will help you to keep your fingers in the correct position and to avoid making mistakes.
Second, always use a light touch when strumming or picking the strings. This will help you to produce a clear and resonant sound.
Third, always be patient when learning how to play the mountain dulcimer. It takes time and practice to become a proficient player.
What are some of the most popular songs to play on the mountain dulcimer?
There are many popular songs that can be played on the mountain dulcimer. Some of the most popular songs include “Amazing Grace,” “Shenandoah,” and “You Are My Sunshine.”
