Stripped and broken screws are notorious for causing frustration and delaying projects. However, with the advent of screw extractors, removing these stubborn fasteners has become a breeze. Screw extractors are specialized tools designed to grip and remove damaged screws without further aggravating the problem. Understanding how to use screw extractors is essential for anyone who wants to tackle this common issue efficiently and effectively.
Before embarking on the screw extraction process, it is crucial to select the appropriate tool. Screw extractors come in various sizes and designs, each suited for specific types of screws. Choosing the correct size and type of extractor will significantly increase your chances of success. Once you have the right extractor in hand, it is time to prepare the screw for removal. This typically involves creating a pilot hole in the center of the screw’s head. The pilot hole provides a starting point for the extractor and ensures that it will grip the screw firmly.
Selecting the Right Screw Extractor
Selecting the right screw extractor is crucial for successful screw removal. Here’s a detailed guide to help you make the right choice:
Damaged Screw Type
Identify the type of screw head you’re dealing with. Different screw heads call for specific extractors, such as:
| Screw Head Type | Extractor Type |
|---|---|
| Phillips | Phillips Screw Extractor |
| Slotted | Slotted Screw Extractor |
| Torx | Torx Screw Extractor |
| Hex | Hex Screw Extractor |
| Allen | Allen Screw Extractor |
Screw Size and Material
Consider the size and material of the screw to be removed. Extractors come in various diameters to accommodate different screw sizes. Additionally, some extractors are designed for specific materials, such as steel, stainless steel, or plastic.
Extraction Technique
There are two main extraction techniques to choose from:
- Left-Handed Drill Bits: By drilling into the screw with a left-handed drill bit, the extractor can grab and unscrew the damaged screw.
- Conical Extractors: Conical extractors feature a tapered design that bites into the screw and loosens it as they’re hammered into place.
Choosing the right technique depends on the screw material and the amount of damage sustained.
Preparing the Extraction Site
1. Remove Obstructions
Clear away any obstacles around the screw, such as excess material or debris. Use a wire brush or needle-nose pliers to remove any obstructions blocking access to the screw’s head.
2. Center the Extractor
Align the screw extractor perfectly over the screw head. Use a magnifying glass or a flashlight to ensure precise alignment, especially if the screw is small or recessed.
3. Create a Pilot Hole
Using a drill bit that is slightly smaller than the extractor’s outer diameter, drill a pilot hole into the center of the screw. This pilot hole will provide a guide for the extractor and help to prevent it from slipping. The following table outlines the recommended drill bit sizes for various screw sizes:
| Screw Size | Drill Bit Size |
|---|---|
| #6 | 1/16″ |
| #8 | 5/64″ |
| #10 | 3/32″ |
| #12 | 7/64″ |
| #14 | 9/64″ |
Using a Manual Screw Extractor
Step 4: Engage the Screw Extractor
This step requires careful alignment and firm gripping. Ensure that the extractor bit sits snugly within the screw head. Rotate the extractor counterclockwise using a wrench or pliers, applying steady and controlled force. Avoid applying excessive pressure, as this may damage the tool or further embed the broken screw.
As you turn the extractor, you will likely encounter resistance. This is normal, as the tool gradually bites into the damaged screw. Maintain a firm grip on the extractor and continue rotating counterclockwise until the screw comes loose. If the extractor slips, adjust its position and try again.
In some cases, the screw may be particularly stubborn. If you encounter excessive resistance, consider applying a penetrating oil such as WD-40 to the screw head. Allow the oil to penetrate for a few minutes before attempting to extract the screw again. Alternatively, you can try tapping the extractor gently with a hammer while applying counterclockwise force. This may help break the bond between the screw and the material.
Once the screw is loose, use pliers or your fingers to remove it completely. Inspect the extracted screw for any damage or corrosion that may have contributed to its breakage. If necessary, replace the damaged screw with a new one of the same size and thread type.
| Tool | Purpose |
|---|---|
| Wrench or Pliers | Apply torque to rotate the extractor bit |
| Penetrating Oil (Optional) | Lubricate and loosen the screw |
| Hammer (Optional) | Apply gentle taps to break the bond between screw and material |
Using an Electric Screw Extractor
An electric screw extractor is a power tool that uses a rotating bit to remove damaged or stripped screws. It is a convenient and effective way to extract screws that are difficult or impossible to remove by hand.
5. Using the Extractor
Once the extractor is securely attached to the screw, you can begin to extract it. Follow these steps:
- Hold the power drill steady and apply firm but gentle pressure on the screw.
- Slowly increase the speed of the drill and continue to apply pressure.
- As the extractor bites into the screw, it will begin to turn the screw loose.
- Once the screw is loose enough to remove by hand, stop the drill and carefully unscrew it.
- If the screw is still stuck, apply some penetrating oil to the threads and try again.
| Screw Size | Extractor Bit Size |
|---|---|
| #4 – #8 | 1/8″ |
| #10 – #14 | 3/16″ |
| #16 – #20 | 1/4″ |
Removing the Broken Screw
If the screw is not completely snapped off, you can try to remove it using a screw extractor. This is a special tool that is designed to grip the broken screw and turn it out of the hole.
Step 1: Choose the Right Screw Extractor
There are different types of screw extractors, so it is important to choose the right one for the job. The size of the screw extractor should be slightly smaller than the diameter of the broken screw.
Step 2: Drill a Pilot Hole
Once you have chosen the right screw extractor, drill a pilot hole into the center of the broken screw. The pilot hole should be deep enough to accommodate the screw extractor.
Step 3: Insert the Screw Extractor
Insert the screw extractor into the pilot hole and turn it counterclockwise. The screw extractor will grip the broken screw and turn it out of the hole.
Step 4: Remove the Screw
Once the screw is out of the hole, remove the screw extractor. You may need to use a pair of pliers to grip the screw extractor.
Step 5: Clean the Hole
Once the screw is removed, clean the hole with a brush or compressed air. This will remove any debris that may have been left behind.
Step 6: Repair the Hole (Optional)
If the hole is damaged, you may need to repair it before you can insert a new screw. You can use a toothpick or a small piece of wood to fill the hole. Once the hole is filled, you can insert a new screw.
| Tip | Description |
|---|---|
| Use a sharp drill bit to drill the pilot hole. | This will help to prevent the drill bit from wandering. |
| Apply a small amount of lubricant to the screw extractor before inserting it into the hole. | This will help to reduce friction and make it easier to remove the broken screw. |
| Be patient when removing the broken screw. | It may take several attempts to get the screw out. |
| Subtopic |
|---|
Troubleshooting Common Issues |
If you encounter difficulties while using a screw extractor, here are some troubleshooting tips to resolve common issues:
1. The extractor is not engaging with the screw.
Ensure that the extractor’s teeth are properly aligned with the screw’s slots. If necessary, use a larger extractor or adjust the extractor’s position.
2. The extractor is slipping.
Apply more downward force while turning the extractor. If the screw is particularly tight, use a penetrating lubricant to reduce friction.
3. The screw is still stuck after extraction.
Try using a larger extractor or a different type of extractor, such as a reverse thread extractor. You may also need to heat the screw to loosen it.
4. The extractor head is broken.
Use a drill bit to carefully remove the broken extractor head from the screw. If the head is flush with the screw, use a center punch to create a notch for the drill bit.
5. The screw is stripped.
If the screw’s head is stripped beyond repair, use a grinder or hacksaw to cut a slot into the screw. Alternatively, you can drill a hole into the screw and use a bolt extractor.
6. The screw is made of a hard material.
Use an extractor specifically designed for hard materials, such as hardened steel or titanium. Apply penetrating lubricant and proceed with caution.
7. The screw is rusted or corroded.
Soak the screw in a rust solvent or penetrating lubricant overnight. Use a wire brush to remove any loose rust or debris before attempting extraction. Apply heat if necessary to break down the corrosion.
Safety Precautions
Handling screw extractors requires caution to prevent injuries or tool damage. Adhere to these safety measures for a safe and successful operation.
8. Wear Appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Protect your hands and eyes from flying metal fragments, sparks, and chemicals. Wear the following PPE when using a screw extractor:
- Safety Glasses: Guard your eyes from debris.
- Gloves: Leather or nitrile gloves provide hand protection.
- Dust Mask: Prevent inhaling harmful dust generated by drilling.
Additionally, secure long hair, loose clothing, and jewelry to avoid entanglement in moving parts.
Alternative Methods for Extracting Screws
Using a Left-Handed Drill Bit
Left-handed drill bits are designed to reverse the torque applied to the screw, causing it to loosen. Insert the left-handed drill bit into the screw head and slowly drill in reverse until the screw breaks free.
Using a Dremel Tool
A Dremel tool, equipped with a small cutting wheel, can be used to cut a slot into the screw head. Once the slot is cut, use a flathead screwdriver to loosen the screw.
Using a Screw Extractor Socket
Screw extractor sockets are designed to fit over the head of a stripped or broken screw. The socket has a reverse-threaded hole that engages with the remaining screw threads, allowing you to remove the screw.
Using External Bolt Extractors
External bolt extractors are designed to grip the outside of a screw head. Insert the extractor over the screw head and turn in the direction that will loosen the screw.
Using Grip-On Pliers
Grip-on pliers, such as Vise-Grip pliers, can be used to grab onto the exposed threads of a broken screw. Once the pliers have a firm grip, use a wrench or socket to turn the pliers and loosen the screw.
Using a Screw Extractor Kit
Screw extractor kits include a variety of tools designed for removing stripped or broken screws. These kits typically include drill bits, extractor sockets, and extractors for screws of various sizes.
Using a Stud Remover
Stud removers are specifically designed for removing broken studs or bolts. They have a reverse-threaded hole that engages with the remaining broken stud. Stud removers typically come in various sizes to accommodate different stud diameters.
Using a Pipe Wrench
A pipe wrench can be used to grab onto the outside of a screw head that is exposed above the surface. Use the pipe wrench to turn the screw in the direction that will loosen it.
Using a Hammer and Chisel
In some cases, a hammer and chisel can be used to create a slot in the screw head. Once the slot is created, use a flathead screwdriver to loosen the screw.
Use a Guide Hole
Before you use the screw extractor, drill a pilot hole into the center of the damaged screw. This will help guide the extractor and prevent it from slipping.
Lubricate the Screw
Applying a penetrating lubricant to the screw can help loosen it and make it easier to remove.
Choose the Right Size Extractor
It’s important to choose a screw extractor that is the right size for the screw you’re trying to remove. If the extractor is too small, it will not grip the screw properly. If it’s too large, it can damage the screw head.
Center the Extractor
Before you start turning the extractor, make sure it is centered on the screw head. This will help prevent the extractor from slipping and damaging the screw.
Apply Pressure Gradually
When you start turning the extractor, apply pressure gradually. Do not force it. If you apply too much pressure, you can damage the screw or the extractor.
Reverse the Drill
Once you have a good grip on the screw, reverse the direction of the drill. This will help to loosen the screw and remove it.
Use a Tap to Clean the Threads
Once the screw is removed, use a tap to clean the threads in the hole. This will help prevent future screws from getting stuck.
Proper Care and Maintenance of Screw Extractors
Proper Care and Maintenance of Screw Extractors
To ensure that your screw extractors last as long as possible, it is important to properly care for and maintain them. Here are some tips:
Store Your Screw Extractors in a Dry Place
Moisture can cause screw extractors to rust, so it is important to store them in a dry place when they are not in use.
Clean Your Screw Extractors After Use
After you have used a screw extractor, clean it with a wire brush to remove any dirt or debris. You can also apply a light coat of oil to the extractor to help protect it from rust.
Inspect Your Screw Extractors Regularly
It is important to inspect your screw extractors regularly for signs of wear or damage. If you find any damage, do not use the extractor. Instead, replace it with a new one.
| Screw Extractor Size | Screw Head Size |
|---|---|
| #1 | #4 to #6 |
| #2 | #8 to #10 |
| #3 | #12 to #14 |
| #4 | #16 to #18 |
| #5 | #20 to #24 |
How to Use a Screw Extractor
A screw extractor is a tool that removes broken or damaged screws by drilling into them and gripping the remaining material. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to use a screw extractor:
-
**Gather your tools:** You will need a drill, a drill bit, a screw extractor, and a wrench.
-
**Choose the correct drill bit:** The drill bit should be slightly smaller than the diameter of the screw’s shank.
-
**Drill a pilot hole:** Center the drill bit on the broken screw and drill a small pilot hole. This will help guide the screw extractor.
-
**Insert the screw extractor:** Insert the screw extractor into the pilot hole and turn it counterclockwise with a wrench.
-
**Apply pressure:** Gradually apply pressure until the screw extractor grips the screw. Once it is gripped, continue turning counterclockwise to remove the screw.
-
**Lubricate the extractor:** If the screw is particularly difficult to remove, you can apply some lubricant to the extractor to help reduce friction.
People Also Ask About How to Use Screw Extractor
How do I know if a screw extractor will work?
A screw extractor is most likely to work on screws made of softer metals, such as brass, aluminum, or mild steel. It may not be effective on hardened screws or screws made of titanium.
What should I do if the screw extractor breaks?
If the screw extractor breaks, it is important to first try to remove the broken extractor. You can do this by using a smaller drill bit to drill a pilot hole into the extractor and then using a screw extractor to remove it.
How do I prevent screw breakage in the future?
To prevent screw breakage, be sure to use the correct size and type of screw for the job. Additionally, avoid over-tightening screws, and use a lubricant when driving screws into hard materials.
