Embark on a transformative journey into the realm of database management with this comprehensive guide to installing Oracle 19c. This robust database solution empowers organizations with the scalability, reliability, and security they need to navigate the ever-evolving technological landscape. Whether you’re a seasoned IT professional or just starting your adventure in the world of data, this step-by-step roadmap will guide you through the nuances of installing Oracle 19c, ensuring a seamless and efficient process.
Unlike its predecessors, Oracle 19c boasts a plethora of innovative features that enhance performance, security, and manageability. Its self-driving capabilities, powered by machine learning algorithms, automate mundane tasks, freeing up IT resources for more strategic initiatives. Additionally, Oracle 19c introduces enhanced encryption protocols, providing an impenetrable layer of protection for your sensitive data. As a result, organizations can leverage the full potential of their data assets with confidence and peace of mind.
Furthermore, Oracle 19c seamlessly integrates with cloud platforms, enabling organizations to leverage the scalability and flexibility of the cloud to meet their evolving business needs. This hybrid approach provides the best of both worlds, allowing businesses to optimize their infrastructure and reduce costs while maintaining the performance and security of their on-premises systems. By embracing Oracle 19c, organizations unlock a world of possibilities, empowering them to make data-driven decisions that drive business growth and innovation.
Prerequisites for Oracle 19c Installation
Operating System Requirements
Oracle 19c requires a compatible operating system (OS). The supported OS versions and their respective requirements are as follows:
Supported OS Versions:
| OS | Version |
|---|---|
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux | 8.4, 8.5 |
| Oracle Linux | 8.4, 8.5 |
| CentOS | 8.4 |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server | 15 SP2 |
Hardware Requirements
The minimum hardware requirements for Oracle 19c installation are as follows:
- Processor: 2 CPUs
- Memory: 8 GB RAM
- Disk Space: 100 GB of available disk space
- Network: Gigabit Ethernet
Software Requirements
The following software components are required for Oracle 19c installation:
- Java Runtime Environment (JRE) 1.8 or later
- Perl 5.16 or later
- make utility
- GNU C Compiler (GCC) 5.4 or later
- X Window System (X11) libraries
Downloading the Oracle 19c Software
As a preparatory step, you’ll need to obtain the Oracle 19c software before initiating the installation process. To do so, follow the provided guidelines:
Oracle Software Get Started Page
1. Navigate to the official Oracle website: https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/oracle-database-software-downloads.html.
2. Locate the Oracle Database 19c section and click on the “Get Started” button.
Creating an Oracle Account
1. If you don’t have an Oracle account, you’ll need to create one by clicking on the “Create an account” link.
2. Once you’ve completed the account creation process, sign in with your new credentials.
Downloading the Oracle 19c Software
1. On the Get Started page, select the tab for “Downloads”.
2. Locate the “Oracle Database 19c” section and click on the “Download” button.
3. Choose the appropriate platform and language for your operating system.
4. Carefully review the terms and conditions before clicking on “Accept and Download”.
5. Once the download is complete, extract the downloaded file to a convenient location on your system.
Supported Operating Systems:
| Operating System | Architecture |
|---|---|
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux | x86-64 (64-bit) |
| Oracle Linux | x86-64 (64-bit) |
| Microsoft Windows Server | x64 (64-bit) |
Creating the Oracle Database User and Group
Oracle’s database components, such as the Oracle Database, Listener, and Enterprise Manager, are managed by an oracle user and group. These users and groups need to be created on the system before the Oracle software can be installed.
Creating the Oracle User
To create the oracle user, use the following command as the root user:
useradd -m -g oinstall oracle
This command creates the oracle user and assigns it the primary group oinstall.
Creating the Oracle Group
To create the oinstall group, use the following command as the root user:
groupadd oinstall
This command creates the oinstall group.
Granting Privileges to the Oracle User and Group
The oracle user and oinstall group need to be granted specific privileges to perform database operations. Use the following commands as the root user to grant these privileges:
Granting Privileges to the oracle User
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| usermod -aG oinstall oracle | Adds the oracle user to the oinstall group |
| usermod -aG dba oracle | Adds the oracle user to the dba group (for database administration) |
| usermod -aG asmdba oracle | Adds the oracle user to the asmdba group (for Automatic Storage Management) |
Granting Privileges to the oinstall Group
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| chgrp oinstall /opt/oracle | Changes the group ownership of the /opt/oracle directory to oinstall |
| chmod 775 /opt/oracle | Sets the permissions on the /opt/oracle directory to allow the oinstall group to read, write, and execute |
Configuring the Database Firewall
The database firewall limits access to the database by untrusted networks and users. Before creating the database, you need to configure the firewall to allow access from your local machine.
Step 1: Enable the Firewall
Open a terminal window and run the following command:
“`bash
sudo ufw enable
“`
This command will enable the firewall.
Step 2: Allow Access to the Database Port
By default, Oracle runs on port 1521. To allow access to this port, run the following command:
“`bash
sudo ufw allow 1521/tcp
“`
You can also specify a different port if you have changed the default port during the database installation.
Step 3: Allow Access to Your Local Machine
To allow access to your local machine, run the following command:
“`bash
sudo ufw allow from 127.0.0.1 to any port 1521
“`
This command will allow all traffic from your local machine to port 1521, regardless of the IP address.
Step 4: Allow Access from Specific IP Addresses (Optional)
If you want to allow access to the database from specific IP addresses, you can add them to the firewall rules. Run the following command for each IP address you want to allow:
“`bash
sudo ufw allow from
“`
For example, to allow access from the IP address 192.168.1.100, you would run the following command:
“`bash
sudo ufw allow from 192.168.1.100 to any port 1521
“`
You can also use CIDR notation to allow access from a range of IP addresses. For example, to allow access from the IP address range 192.168.1.0/24, you would run the following command:
“`bash
sudo ufw allow from 192.168.1.0/24 to any port 1521
“`
Installing the Oracle 19c Software
To install Oracle 19c, you will need to follow these steps:
- Download the Oracle 19c software from the Oracle website.
- Extract the contents of the downloaded file to a temporary directory.
- Run the Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) program.
- Follow the prompts in the OUI to install Oracle 19c.
5. Verifying the Installation
Once Oracle 19c has been installed, you can verify the installation by following these steps:
- Open a command prompt.
- Type the following command:
sqlplus /nolog
- If the SQL*Plus prompt is displayed, then Oracle 19c has been successfully installed.
You can also verify the installation by checking the Oracle Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA). To do this, follow these steps:
- Click on the Start menu.
- Select Oracle Database Configuration Assistant.
- The DBCA will open. If the DBCA opens, then Oracle 19c has been successfully installed.
If you encounter any problems during the installation process, you can refer to the Oracle documentation for assistance.
| Step | Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | Download the Oracle 19c software from the Oracle website. |
| 2 | Extract the contents of the downloaded file to a temporary directory. |
| 3 | Run the Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) program. |
| 4 | Follow the prompts in the OUI to install Oracle 19c. |
| 5 | Verify the installation by checking the SQL*Plus prompt or the DBCA. |
Creating the Oracle Database Instance
Creating the Oracle database instance is a multi-step process that involves configuring various parameters and settings. Here’s a detailed breakdown of each step:
1. Check System Requirements
Ensure your system meets the minimum hardware and software requirements for Oracle 19c. Verify the compatibility of your operating system, RAM, disk space, and network connectivity.
2. Install Prerequisites
Install the necessary prerequisites, including the Grid Infrastructure (GI) Home and the Oracle Instant Client.
3. Create Oracle User
Create a dedicated Oracle user with administrative privileges.
4. Set Environment Variables
Configure the ORACLE_BASE and ORACLE_HOME environment variables to point to the installation directories.
5. Configure GI Home
Configure the Grid Infrastructure Home by creating a database configuration assistant (DBCA) response file and running the DBCA to create the GI.
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| GNS_HOST_NAME | Hostname of the server |
| GNS_IP_ADDRESSES | IP address of the server |
| GNS_CLUSTER_NAME | Cluster name (if applicable) |
6. Create Database Instance
Use the DBCA to create the Oracle database instance. Specify the following parameters:
Once you have entered all the parameters, review and submit the response file to create the database instance.
Configuring Network Connectivity
Establishing proper network connectivity between the client and the Oracle database server is crucial for successful communication. Follow these steps to configure network connectivity:
7. Configure Network Aliases
Network aliases are used to simplify the connection process by mapping a logical name to the actual host and port of the database server. To configure network aliases, edit the tnsnames.ora file located in the $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin directory.
For instance, if the database server’s hostname is mydatabase and the port is 1521, you can create an alias named myalias as follows:
| myalias = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = mydatabase)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = ORCL) ) ) |
| Column | Description |
|---|---|
| INSTANCE_NUMBER | The instance number. |
| INSTANCE_NAME | The instance name. |
| STATUS | The status of the instance. |
| STARTUP_TIME | The time when the instance was started. |
| SHUTDOWN_TIME | The time when the instance was shut down. |
Connecting to the Oracle 19c Database
After Oracle 19c has been successfully installed, you can start connecting to the database. Here’s how:
1. Create a listener
A listener is a process that listens for incoming connection requests and directs them to the appropriate database instance. To create a listener, run the following command:
“`
$ lsnrctl start
“`
2. Start the database instance
The database instance is the actual running database. To start the instance, run the following command:
“`
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
“`
“`
SQL> startup
“`
3. Connect to the database
Now that the listener and database instance are running, you can connect to the database using a SQL client tool such as SQL*Plus. To connect, run the following command:
“`
$ sqlplus username/password@hostname:port/servicename
“`
4. Verify the connection
Once you are connected to the database, you can verify the connection by running the following command:
“`
SQL> select * from v$version;
“`
5. Create a user
In order to interact with the database, you need to create a user. To create a user, run the following command:
“`
SQL> create user username identified by password;
“`
6. Grant privileges
Once you have created a user, you need to grant the user the appropriate privileges to access the database. To grant privileges, run the following command:
“`
SQL> grant connect, resource to username;
“`
7. Create a database
To create a database, run the following command:
“`
SQL> create database databasename;
“`
8. Connect to the new database
To connect to the new database, run the following command:
“`
SQL> connect username/password@hostname:port/databasename
“`
9. Verify the database connection
Once you are connected to the new database, you can verify the connection by running the following command:
“`
SQL> select * from v$database;
“`
10. Use the database
Now that you are connected to the new database, you can start using it to create tables, insert data, and perform queries.
Managing the Oracle 19c Database
10. Managing Oracle Users and Roles
Creating and Managing Users
Users are created to grant access to the database. To create a user, use the following syntax:
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| CREATE USER username IDENTIFIED BY password; | Creates a user with the specified username and password. |
Managing Roles
Roles are used to group users and grant them permissions collectively. To create a role, use the following syntax:
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| CREATE ROLE rolename; | Creates a role with the specified name. |
To grant a role to a user, use the following syntax:
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| GRANT rolename TO username; | Grants the specified role to the specified user. |
Revoking User Privileges
To revoke privileges from a user, use the following syntax:
| Command | Description | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
REVOKE | Revokes the specified privilege from the specified user. |
Dropping Users and RolesTo drop a user, use the following syntax:
To drop a role, use the following syntax:
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